Figure 2.

The TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway was activated in RA patients. Four paired joint tissue specimens from RA patients (RA) and healthy volunteer donors (HC) were subjected to Western blot (A) and IHC staining assays (B) to examine the TNFR1, IKK2, p65 and E2F3a levels. Bars = 100 µm. (C) Two paired samples used in B (HC-1/RA-1, and HC-3/RA-3) were used for IMF staining with the anti-p65 antibody. The localization and levels of p65 are shown in green (left panel). The nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue, middle panel), and the merged images are in the right panel. Bars = 25 µm.