Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses for factors associated with liver fibrosis (LSM ≥ 8.0 kPa) in patients with HIV mono‐infection under long‐term ART
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95% CI] | p value | OR [95% CI] | p value | |
| Social and demographic characteristics | ||||
| Female gender | 1.10 [0.53 to 2.28] | 0.805 | 1.04 [0.47 to 2.29] | 0.927 |
| Age (per 10 years) | 1.78 [1.31 to 2.42] | <0.001 | 1.80 [1.27 to 2.55] | 0.001 |
| White race | 1.44 [0.70 to 2.95] | 0.323 | ||
| Education <8 years of study | 1.73 [0.83 to 3.58] | 0.143 | ||
| AUDIT score ≥8 | 0.57 [0.21 to 1.52] | 0.258 | ||
| Former or current smoking | 1.21 [0.59 to 2.48] | 0.598 | ||
| Metabolic features | ||||
| Central obesity | 1.21 [0.56 to 2.63] | 0.632 | ||
| Type 2 diabetes | 3.78 [1.48 to 9.68] | 0.006 | 2.67 [0.96 to 7.46] | 0.061 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 1.03 [0.48 to 2.20] | 0.937 | ||
| Hypertension | 2.19 [1.04 to 4.59] | 0.038 | 1.30 [0.56 to 3.02] | 0.535 |
| Biochemistry | ||||
| ALT ≥ 1.5 ULN | 3.40 [0.34 to 33.6] | 0.296 | ||
| GGT ≥ 1.5 ULN | 1.90 [0.77 to 4.65] | 0.161 | ||
| Alkaline phosphatase ≥ 1.5 ULN | 1.29 [0.15 to 10.7] | 0.813 | ||
| HIV infection history | ||||
| Duration of HIV infection (per 10 years) | 1.30 [0.79 to 2.16] | 0.306 | ||
| CD4+ T‐lymphocyte count <200 cells/mm3 | 3.69 [1.12 to 12.2] | 0.032 | 7.80 [2.09 to 29.09] | 0.002 |
| Detectable HIV RNA viral load (>40 copies/mm3) | 0.98 [0.41 to 2.33] | 0.957 | ||
| Nadir CD4+ T‐lymphocyte count <100 cells/mm3 | 1.42 [0.69 to 2.93] | 0.338 | ||
| Duration of ART (per 10 years) | 1.55 [0.89 to 2.69] | 0.120 | ||
| Current treatment | ||||
| AZT‐backbone drugs (vs. TDF) | 1.19 [0.51 to 2.74] | 0.691 | ||
| PI or INSTI‐core drugs class (vs. NNRTI) | 1.73 [0.81 to 3.68] | 0.154 | ||
| Most used drugs during HIV infection | ||||
| AZT‐backbone drug class (vs. TDF) | 1.49 [0.73 to 3.05] | 0.275 | ||
| PI or INSTI‐core drugs class (vs. NNRTI) | 1.44 [0.70 to 2.97] | 0.322 | ||
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ART, antiretroviral therapy; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; AZT, zidovudine; CI, confidence interval; GGT, gamma‐glutamyltransferase; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitors; NNRTI, non‐nucleoside reverse‐transcriptase inhibitors; OR, odds ratio; PI, protease inhibitor, TDF, tenofovir; ULN, upper limit of normal.