Table 2.
Speech output parameters under natural and delayed auditory feedback in participant groups.
| Parameter | Controls | nfvPPA | svPPA | lvPPA | tAD | bvFTD | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAF | DAF | NAF | DAF | NAF | DAF | NAF | DAF | NAF | DAF | NAF | DAF | |
| READING ALOUD | ||||||||||||
| Time (seconds) | 79.2 (11.5) | 98.1 (23.8) | 147 (66.1) | 146 (97.0) | 110 (36.5) | 133 (32.5) | 156 (52.9) | 183 (61.8) | 107 (33.4) | 114 (28.4) | 87.9 (21.9) | 120 (52.3) |
| Total words | 216 (1.9) | 217 (3.1) | 160 (90.7) | 130 (96.7) | 201 (41.6) | 200 (47.7) | 223 (5.6) | 220 (17.3) | 213 (48.4) | 208 (49.4) | 215 (2.3) | 213 (3.8) |
| Output rate | 166 (23.4) | 139 (29.5) | 59.6 (18.1) | 48.6 (18.2) | 116 (35.5) | 96.2 (34.8) | 92.4 (23.2) | 78.9 (23.9) | 123 (33.8) | 110 (27.1) | 154 (36.7) | 125 (51.2) |
| Error rate | 1.3 (0.9) | 6.6 (5.7) | 52.7 (45.0) | 61.2 (47.3) | 5.8 (5.1) | 21.0 (24.4) | 14.9 (14.8) | 31.7 (43.9) | 15.6 (14.9) | 23.2 (24.4) | 2.6 (2.2) | 12.0 (16.4) |
| PROPOSITIONAL | ||||||||||||
| Time (seconds) | 45.6 (20.4) | 47.2 (24.1) | 59.4 (38.6) | 60.8 (31.0) | 68.4 (43.8) | 69.3 (38.1) | 76.8 (45.4) | 82.0 (43.4) | 62.2 (23.4) | 67.3 (26.7) | 51.1 (22.6) | 50.9 (26.8) |
| Total words | 105 (36.1) | 100 (46.6) | 43.6 (44.1) | 45.6 (28.4) | 129 (91.1) | 113 (69.4) | 102 (55.7) | 114 (72.1) | 118 (56.3) | 107 (50.7) | 105 (63.8) | 95.9 (70.4) |
| Output rate | 143 (22.2) | 129 (19.5) | 41.5 (18.9) | 44.1 (8.0) | 123 (42.3) | 102 (26.7) | 81.1 (16.5) | 81.3 (14.8) | 112 (23.3) | 95.8 (23.6) | 123 (52.2) | 105 (43.9) |
| Error rate | 2.9 (2.8) | 9.6 (6.2) | 38.4 (48.1) | 53.9 (26.2) | 3.0 (4.3) | 9.6 (15.3) | 8.6 (4.3) | 14.0 (9.5) | 5.2 (4.7) | 15.4 (13.5) | 3.0 (3.0) | 8.4 (8.3) |
The table shows speech output rates and speech error rates in each participant group with natural auditory feedback (NAF) and delayed auditory feedback (DAF), for reading aloud and propositional speech tasks. Speech output rate is defined as number of words per minute; speech error rate is defined as total number of errors per hundred words (see Table S1 on-line for a detailed breakdown of error types). Mean (standard deviation) values are shown; values in bold indicate significant within-group differences (p < 0.05); numbers >100 are reported without decimal places to aid visual interpretation. bvFTD, patient group with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia; Controls, healthy control group; lvPPA, patient group with logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia; nfvPPA, patient group with nonfluent-agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia; svPPA, patient group with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia; tAD, patient group with typical Alzheimer's disease.