Table 1.

Novel robotic systems in minimally invasive surgery

Device	Developer	Special features	Clinical use
Telelap ALF-X/Senhance surgical system	TransEntrix Inc. (Morrisville, US)	3 separate cart mounted robotic arms, 3D-HD ready with glasses laparoscopic handles with haptic force feedback, eye-tracking camera	CE approval 2006, FDA approval 2017, gynaecology, colorectal, limited cardiothoracics
Versius	CMR Surgical (UK)	5 light weight portable separate cart mounted robotic arms, 3D HD ready monitor with glasses, haptic feedback	Cadaveric and animal studies, anticipated CE approval in 2018. Gynaecology, upper GI, renal, colorectal.
MiroSure	Medtronic (Dublin, Ireland), DLR (Germany)	3–5 lightweight arms attached to operating table, impedance mode, Autopointer, 3D-HD ready with 3D glasses, haptic feedback	Development stage, no FDA/CE approval, minimally invasive surgery
REVO-I	Meere Company (South Korea)	4 robotic arms with single Cart, open 3D/HD control console	Korean ministry of food and drug safety approval 2017. human trials underway, gynaecology, urology, general surgery
M7 Telerobotic surgical system/Verb Surgical	Stanford Research International Robotics. Licencing from Verb Surgical	2 lightweight robotic arms (15kg) with 7 d.o.f., auditory, visual, tactile feedback. Motion compensation	In development, no FDA/CE approval, minimally invasive surgery