Table 5.
Distances of T12-S1 discs’ bulge/herniation at the neutral, flexion, and extension positions
| ND | DD | BD | HD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neutral position | ||||
| T12/L1 | 1.69±0.88 | 1.90±1.06 | 1.88±1.00 | 1.83±0.93 |
| L1/2 | 2.00±0.96 | 2.10±1.05 | 2.31±1.09 | 2.16±1.05 |
| L2/3 | 2.12±0.93 | 2.37±1.03 | 2.54±1.21 | 2.70±1.40 |
| L3/4 | 2.41±1.03 | 2.57±0.99 | 3.06±1.40*,** | 3.40±1.59*,** |
| L4/5 | 2.79±1.05 | 2.96±1.13 | 3.73±1.57*,** | 4.60±1.94*,**,# |
| L5/S1 | 2.64±1.34 | 3.30±1.65 | 3.70±1.84* | 4.22±2.04*,** |
| Flexion position | ||||
| T12/L1 | 1.75±1.16 | 1.74±1.09 | 1.89±1.05 | 1.83±0.99 |
| L1/2 | 2.05±1.08 | 2.10±1.11 | 2.23±1.27 | 2.24±1.02 |
| L2/3 | 2.02±1.03 | 2.32±1.05 | 2.44±1.25 | 2.46±1.18 |
| L3/4 | 2.43±1.15 | 2.49±1.25 | 2.93±1.31 | 3.23±1.78*,** |
| L4/5 | 2.72±1.15 | 3.04±1.08 | 3.50±1.63* | 4.52±1.79*,**,# |
| L5/S1 | 2.80±1.03 | 2.95±1.43 | 3.53±1.67*,** | 3.96±2.21*,** |
| Extension position | ||||
| T12/L1 | 1.91±1.01 | 2.13±1.86 | 2.11±1.82 | 2.00±1.04 |
| L1/2 | 2.02±1.04 | 2.44±1.83 | 2.53±1.96 | 2.36±1.15 |
| L2/3 | 2.28±1.12 | 2.65±1.64 | 2.85±1.68 | 2.71±1.28 |
| L3/4 | 2.53±1.16 | 2.85±1.59 | 3.50±3.28 | 3.63±1.95 |
| L4/5 | 3.16±1.11 | 3.39±1.45 | 4.30±3.91*,** | 4.55±1.75*,** |
| L5/S1 | 3.08±1.21 | 3.39±1.80 | 4.22±3.59*,** | 4.51±2.41*,** |
Notes: Data presented as mean ± SD (mm) and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
*
P<0.05 vs ND group;
**
P<0.05 vs DD group;
#
P<0.05 vs BD group.
Abbreviations: BD, bulging discs; DD, degenerative discs; HD, herniated discs; ND, normal discs.