Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants in the Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (TRAX) Study Cohort, and Comparison to Subset With Whole-Genome Sequencing Results and With Genomic Links—KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
| Characteristic | TRAX Cohort (n = 404) |
Cases With WGS (n = 344) | P Valuea | Genomically Linked Cases (≤5 SNPs) (n = 182) | P Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Female sex | 234 (58) | 202 (59) | .44 | 111 (61) | .37 |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 34 (28–43) | 34 (29–43) | .19 | 34 (29–44) | .97 |
| 0–15 | 16 (4) | 12 (3) | .21 | 9 (5) | .47 |
| 16–34 | 207 (51) | 171 (50) | 88 (48) | ||
| 35–54 | 150 (37) | 134 (39) | 71 (39) | ||
| ≥55 | 31 (8) | 27 (8) | 14 (8) | ||
| Monthly household income, South African rand | |||||
| <500 | 139 (34) | 120 (35) | .36 | 64 (35) | .27 |
| 500–2500 | 186 (46) | 153 (44) | 83 (46) | ||
| >2500 | 79 (20) | 71 (21) | 35 (19) | ||
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Current or former smoker | 39 (10) | 35 (10) | .47 | 18 (10) | .98 |
| Diabetes | 23 (6) | 22 (6) | .15 | 10 (5) | .47 |
| HIV infected | 311 (77) | 266 (77) | .70 | 145 (80) | .27 |
| Receiving ART | 236 (76) | 204 (77) | .49 | 108/145 | .32 |
| CD4 count, cells/μL, median (IQR) | 340 (117–431) | 240 (111–425) | .26 | 233 (104–316) | .54 |
| Virologic suppression (<400 HIV RNA copies/mL) | 155 (50) | 134 (39) | .56 | 74 (41) | .49 |
| Cough | |||||
| Patients with cough | 333 (82) | 284 (83) | .87 | 147 (81) | .35 |
| Median duration of cough (wk) | 8 (4–12) | 8 (4–12) | .22 | 8 (4–12) | .39 |
| Sputum smear positive for AFB | 270 (67) | 235 (68) | .31 | 118 (65) | .16 |
| Previous treatment for any TB | 291 (72) | 247 (72) | .81 | 127 (70) | .38 |
| Previous treatment for MDR-TB | 124 (31) | 105 (31) | .86 | 45 (25) | .01 |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: AFB, acid-fast bacilli; ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; MDR, multidrug-resistant; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; TB, tuberculosis; TRAX, Transmission of HIV-Associated XDR-TB study; WGS, whole-genome sequencing.
a P values compare cases with WGS (n = 344) to all TRAX participants (n = 404).
b P values compare linked cases (n = 182) to all cases with WGS (n = 344).