Table 1.

Influenza patients are more susceptible to bacterial colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca.

	Influenza–	Influenza+
S. pneumoniae –	91.47%	80.00%
S. pneumoniae +	8.53%	20.00%
Total number of patients	129	50
K. oxytoca –	96.12%	86.00%
K. oxytoca +	3.88%	14.00%
Total number of patients	129	50

Nasopharyngeal swabs from a total of 179 patients were tested for the presence of influenza as well as S. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca. Of the 50 patients that tested positive for influenza, 10 (20.00%) also tested positive for S. pneumoniae and 7 (14.00%) tested positive for K. oxytoca. In contrast, of the 129 patients that tested negative for influenza, only 11 (8.53%) also tested positive for S. pneumoniae and 5 (3.88%) tested positive for K. oxytoca. These results indicate that infection with influenza leads to an increased association with several bacterial species. Statistics were calculated by Fisher's exact test with P = 0.0403 for S. pneumoniae and P = 0.0391 for K. oxytoca.