Table 1.
Atorvastatin use and new onset diabetes mellitus.
| Study author, year | Design | Study location | Total population (% F) | Total population: age, mean (SD), median (range/IQR) | Duration | Comparison groups | Risk of developing NOD (statin users vs nonstatin users) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waters et al., 2011 [4, 22, 38, 95] | 3 clinical trials | TNT: worldwide | TNT: 7595 (17%) | TNT: 60.6 (8.9), NA |
TNT: 4.9 years | TNT: atorvastatin 10 mg and atorvastatin 80 mg | TNT: HR: 1.10 (0.94–1.29), p = 0.22 |
| IDEAL: northern Europe | IDEAL: 7461 (19%) | IDEAL: 61.5 (9.5), NA | IDEAL: 4.8 years | IDEAL: atorvastatin 80 mg and simvastatin 20 mg | IDEAL: HR: 1.19, (0.99–1.44), p = 0.072 | ||
| SPARCL: worldwide | SPARCL: 3803 (41%) | SPARCL: 62.5 (11.6), NA | SPARCL: 4.9 years | SPARCL: nonstatin users and atorvastatin 80 mg | SPARCL: HR: 1.34, (1.05–1.71), p = 0.018 | ||
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| Waters et al., 2013 [1, 4, 95] | 2 clinical trials | TNT: worldwide | 15,056 (18%) | 61.1 (9.2), NA | TNT: 4.9 years | TNT: atorvastatin 10 mg and atorvastatin 80 mg | 0–1 risk factors: HR: 0.97 (0.77–1.22) |
| IDEAL: northern Europe | [TNT: 7595, IDEAL: 7461] | IDEAL: 4.8 years | IDEAL: atorvastatin 80 mg and simvastatin 20 to 40 mg | 2 to 4 risk factors: HR: 1.24 (1.08–1.42), p = 0.0027 | |||
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| Sever et al., 2003 [26] | Clinical trial | UK, Ireland, Nordic countries | 10,305 (19%) | 63 (NA), NA (40–79) | 3.3 years | Atorvastatin 10 mg and nonstatin users | HR: 1.15 (0.91–1.44), p = 0.2493 |
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| Chen et al., 2013 [37] | Case control | Taiwan | 11,715 (100%) | NA, NA | 2 years | Atorvastatin users and nonstatin users | Adj. OR: 2.80 (1.74–4.49), p < 0.001 |
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| Ma et al., 2012 [14] | Retrospective cohort study | Taiwan | 15,637 (NA) | 74.9 (6.3), NA | 5.5 years | Atorvastatin users and nonstatin users | Adj. HR: 0.77 (0.72–0.83), p < 0.0001 |
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| Ma et al., 2012 [31] | Retrospective cohort study | Taiwan | 16,027 (54%) | 59.9 (18.7), NA (20–84) | 3.5 years | Atorvastatin users and nonstatin users | Users vs non users: Adj. HR: 1.29 (1.16–1.44), p < 0.0001 |
| Among users: Adj. HR: 1.15 (0.96–1.35), p = 0.5465 | |||||||
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| Carter et al., 2013 [12] | Retrospective cohort study | Canada | 471,250 (54%) | NA, 73 (69–78) |
12.5 years | Atorvastatin users and pravastatin users | All users: Adj. HR: 1.22 (1.15–1.29) Primary prevention users: 1.20 (1.10–1.30) Secondary prevention users: 1.25 (1.16–1.34) |
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| Cho et al., 2015 [35] | Retrospective cohort study | Korea | 3680 (52.01%) | NA, NA | 62.6 (15.3) months | Atorvastatin users and simvastatin users | Adj. HR = 1.52(0.72–3.21), p = 0.268 |
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| Zaharan et al., 2013 [32] | Retrospective cohort study | Ireland | 1,235,671 (61%) | NA, NA | 8.5 years | Atorvastatin users and nonstatin users | Adj. HR: 1.25 (1.21–1.28), p < 0.0001 |
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| Choe et al., 2014 [16] | Cohort study | Korea | 394 (42%) | NA, NA | 5 years | Atorvastatin users and nonstatin users | Adj. HR: 3.76 (2.22–6.40), p = 0.001 |
| Culver et al., 2012 [15] | Cohort study | USA | 153,840 (100%) | 63.17 (7.25) NA (50–79) |
NA | Atorvastatin users and nonstatin users | Adj. HR: 1.61 (1.26–2.06) |
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| Cederberg et al., 2015 [34] | Cohort study | Finland | 8749 (0%) | 57 (7) 57 (45–73) |
5.9 years | Atorvastatin users and nonstatin users | Adj. HR: 1.21 (1.04–1.40) |
| Atorvastatin users (20 or 40 mg) and nonstatin users | HR: 1.37 (1.14–1.65) | ||||||
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| Park et al., 2015 [36] | Cohort study | Korea | Initial: 3566 (49.41%), after PSM adjustment: 818 (49.14%) | NA, NA | 3 years | Atorvastatin users (10 or 20 mg) and nonstatin users | OR: 1.99 (1.00–3.98), p = 0.050 |
Variables are expressed as absolute numbers, percentages, mean ± SD, and median (IQR). NOD: new onset diabetes mellitus; NA: not available; PSM: propensity score matching analysis; Adj. HR: adjusted hazard ratio.