Table 1. Comparison of characteristics of pneumonia cases and controls without pneumonia.
| Characteristics | Cases | Controls | P Value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 503 | 1962 | |
| Males | 269 (53.5%) | 1030 (52.5%) | N/A |
| Age Mean (sd) | 64.7 (8.4) | 64.4 (8.3) | N/A |
| (Range) | 41-77 | 41-77 | |
| <50yrs | 35 (7.0%) | 132 (6.7%) | |
| 50-65yrs | 189 (37.6%) | 752 (38.3%) | |
| >65yrs | 279 (55.5%) | 1078 (54.9%) | |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | ||
| Current | 93 (18.7%) | 162 (8.4%) | |
| Previous | 225 (45.3%) | 944 (48.7%) | |
| Never | 179 (36.0%) | 834 (43.0) | |
| Pack Years Mean (sd) | 14.8 (17.9) | 10.4 (15.2) | <0.001 |
| BMI Mean (sd) | 26.7 (3.7) | 26.64 (3.7) | 0.58 |
| (Range) | 16.9 - 46.4 | 16.0-43.5 | |
| <18.5 | 5 (1.0) | 9(0.5) | 0.12 |
| 18.5 ≥ 25 | 174 (34.6) | 681 (34.7) | |
| 25 ≥ 30 | 226 (44.9) | 949 (48.4) | |
| ≥ 30 | 98 (19.5) | 321 (16.4) | |
| Asthma | 73 (14.5) | 151 (7.7) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 26 (5.2) | 52 (2.7) | 0.005 |
| FEV1 Mean (sd) | <0.001 | ||
| N=5037 | 210.51 (75.0) | 235.66 (70.93) | |
| FVC Mean (sd) | <0.001 | ||
| N=5037 | 268.4 (93.93) | 291.2 (90.6) | |
| Systolic Mean(sd) | 0.60 | ||
| N = 5170 | 141.1 (19.5) | 140.5 (18.9) | |
| Alcohol Intake Mean(sd) | 0.30 | ||
| N = 5017 | 8.5 (13.0) | 7.9 (11.7) | |
| Inactive | 351 (69.8) | 1243 (63.4) | 0.004 |
| Active | 152 (30.2) | 719 (36.7) | |
| Social class | 0.162 | ||
| I | 26 (5.3) | 132 (7.0) | |
| II-IV | 440 (90.2) | 1703 (89.9) | |
| V | 22 (4.5) | 59 (3.1) | |
| Cholesterol Mean (sd) | 6.2 (1.2) | 6.3 (1.2) | 0.19 |
| Waist:hip Ratio Mean (sd) | 0.88 (0.09) | 0.87 (0.09) | 0.001 |
| Statin use | 6 (1.2) | 15 (0.8) | 0.076 |
| Aspirin use | 43 (8.6) | 124 (6.3) | 0.319 |
| Respiratory Disease prior to censored pneumonia | 73 (14.5) | 300 (15.3) | |
| Respiratory disease within 1 year prior to pneumonia date | 46 (9.2) | 36 (1.8) | |
| Cardiovascular Disease prior to pneumonia date# | 168 (33.4) | 449 (22.9) | |
| Cardiovascular disease within 1 year prior to censored pneumonia date | 57 (11.3) | 72 (3.7) | |
Data presented are mean (sd) for continuous data and number (%) for categorical data.
*
indicates that overall P values are provided for categorical comparisons where there are more than 2 categories
#
prevalent MI and stroke at the time of baseline of the EPIC-Norfolk study were excluded from the outset and these numbers indicate the number (%) of participants with incident cardiovascular disease diagnosed between EPIC-Norfolk study enrolment and pneumonia date (baseline of the current report).