Table 1. Basic characteristics.
| All N=404 |
Boys N=200 |
Girls N=204 |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 7.6 (0.4) | 7.6 (0.4) | 7.6 (0.4) | 0.339 |
| Pubertal status (%) | ||||
| Prepubertal | 98.0 | 99.0 | 97.0 | 0.161 |
| Pubertal | 2.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | |
| Parental education | 0.025 | |||
| Vocational school or less (%) | 20.8 | 21.1 | 18.9 | |
| Polytechic | 46.1 | 39.7 | 52.7 | |
| University | 33.1 | 39.2 | 28.4 | |
| Household income (%) | 0.390 | |||
| ≤ 30 000 € | 22.2 | 20.4 | 22.6 | |
| 30 001 – 60 000€ | 42.5 | 40.3 | 44.7 | |
| > 60 000 € | 35.3 | 39.3 | 32.7 | |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Objectively assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (min/d)1 | 89.9 (49.6) | 103.2 (52.0) | 78.1 (44.2) | <0.001 |
| Unsupervised physical activity (min/wk)2 | 343.6 (220.0) | 371.0 (220.7) | 316.7 (216.4) | 0.013 |
| Organised sports (min/wk)2 | 52.7 (71.8) | 60.3 (79.5) | 45.3 (62.6) | 0.036 |
| Supervised exercise other than sports (min/wk)2 | 43.3 (70.0) | 52.2 85.3) | 34.6 (48.5) | 0.011 |
| Physical activity during recess (min/wk)2 | 111.3 (29.1) | 116.1 (28.3) | 106.9 (27.3) | 0.002 |
| Physically active school transportation (min/wk)2 | 17.6 (16.0) | 17.0 (15.6) | 18.2 (16.5) | 0.469 |
| Body size and composition | ||||
| Body height (cm) | 128.8 (5.7) | 129.6 (5.6) | 128.1 (5.6) | 0.006 |
| Body weight (kg) | 27.0 (5.1) | 27.3 (5.1) | 26.7 (5.1) | 0.119 |
| Prevalence of overweight and obesity (%) | 12.9 | 11.0 | 14.7 | 0.266 |
| Body fat mass (kg) | 5.8 (3.6) | 5.2 (3.6) | 6.4 (3.6) | <0.001 |
| Body fat percentage3 | 20.0 (8.4) | 17.4 (8.1) | 22.6 (7.9) | <0.0014 |
| Neuromuscular performance | ||||
| Time in 50-metre shuttle run test (s) | 24.1 (2.2) | 23.8 (2.2) | 24.4 (2.1) | 0.003 |
| Time in 15-metre sprint test (s) | 3.1 (0.2) | 3.1 (0.2) | 3.2 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| Pressing power in hand grip strength test (kilopascals) | 47.0 (8.3) | 48.7 (8.1) | 45.2 (8.1) | <0.001 |
| Distance jumped in standing long jump test (cm) | 125 (16.5) | 129.6 (15.86 | 120.7 (16.0) | <0.001 |
| Number of repetitions in sit-up test in 30 seconds | 11.0 (6.0) | 10.7 (4.9) | 10.5 (4.8) | 0.855 |
| Number of errors in modified flamingo balance test in 30 seconds3 | 3.0 (3.0) | 4.0 (4.0) | 3.0 (4.0) | <0.0014 |
| Cubes moved in box and block test in two minutes | 101.2 (13.2) | 99.1 (12.8) | 104.5 (13.0) | <0.001 |
| Distance reached in sit-and-reach test (cm) | -3.1 (7.8) | -5.9 (7.2) | 0.42 (7.3) | <0.001 |
1
Physical activity assessed objectively by combined movement and heart rate monitoring defined as time spent ≥3 metabolic equivalents (METs), N=343.
2
Different types of physical activity assessed by questionnaire.
3
Median (interquartile range).
4
Mann-Whitney U-test. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined based on International Obesity Task Force reference values (Cole et al., 2000).