TABLE 1.
Participant demographics and hearing history
| Hearing Status |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CI |
NH |
||||||
| 57 |
53 |
||||||
| N | M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | Range | |||
| Onset of deafness (mos) | 1.32 (4.76) | 0.00–24.00 | — | — | |||
| Child | 0.08 (0.41) | 0.00–2.00 | |||||
| Adolescent | 2.21 (6.12) | 0.00–24.00 | |||||
| Age at implantation (mos) | 30.78 (16.85) | 8.28–75.76 | — | — | |||
| Child | 21.30 (9.96) | 8.28–54.54 | |||||
| Adolescent | 37.67 (17.59) | 17.25–75.76 | |||||
| Age at testing (yrs) | 12.98 (3.07) | 7.80–19.13 | 13.08 (2.77) | 7.08–19.80 | |||
| Child | 10.15 (1.17) | 7.80–11.79 | 10.05 (1.27) | 7.08–11.85 | |||
| Adolescent | 15.04 (2.27) | 12.08–19.13 | 14.63 (1.90) | 12.02–19.80 | |||
| Duration of CI use (yrs) | 10.41 (2.44) | 7.08–15.70 | — | — | |||
| Child | 8.37 (1.26) | 7.08–10.63 | |||||
| Adolescent | 11.90 (1.97) | 8.18–15.70 | |||||
| Preimplant PTA* | 106.62 (11.79) | 85.00–118.43 | — | — | |||
| Child | 107.41 (11.78) | 85.00–118.43 | |||||
| Adolescent | 106.02 (11.95) | 85.00–118.43 | |||||
| CMRS | 4.63 (0.96) | 1.00–5.00 | — | — | |||
| Child | 4.67 (0.96) | 1.00–5.00 | |||||
| Adolescent | 4.61 (0.97) | 2.00–5.00 | |||||
| Nonverbal Intelligence† | 54.75 (7.67) | 32.00–68.00 | 55.51 (7.58) | 38.00–70.00 | |||
| Child | 57.46 (7.31) | 32.00–68.00 | 58.67 (8.42) | 47.00–70.00 | |||
| Adolescent | 52.79 (7.43) | 35.00–65.00 | 53.89 (6.66) | 38.00–66.00 | |||
| Count (% of Sample) |
|||||||
| Age at testing (yrs)‡ | |||||||
| Child: 6–11 | 24 (42.10) | 18 (34.0) | |||||
| Adolescent: 12–21 | 33 (57.9) | 35 (66.0) | |||||
| Hearing device | — | ||||||
| Bilateral CI | 23 (40.35) | ||||||
| Unilateral CI | 31 (54.39) | ||||||
| CI and HA | 3 (5.26) | ||||||
| Etiology of hearing loss | — | ||||||
| Meningitis | 3 (5.3) | ||||||
| Other/unknown | 54 (94.7) | ||||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Female | 26 (45.6) | 28 (52.8) | |||||
| Male | 31 (54.4) | 25 (47.2) | |||||
| Race | |||||||
| Black | — | 8 (15.1) | |||||
| Multiracial | 1 (1.8) | 4 (7.5) | |||||
| Asian | 2 (3.5) | 2 (3.8) | |||||
| White | 54 (94.7) | 39 (73.6) | |||||
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| Hispanic | 2 (3.5) | 1 (1.9) | |||||
| Not Hispanic | 55 (96.5) | 52 (98.1) | |||||
| Income level | |||||||
| <$5000 | — | 1 (1.9) | |||||
| $5–9999 | — | — | |||||
| $10–14,999 | 2 (3.5) | 1 (1.9) | |||||
| $15–24,999 | 3 (5.3) | 2 (3.8) | |||||
| $25–34,999 | 6 (10.5) | 3 (5.7) | |||||
| $35–49,999 | 6 (10.5) | 10 (18.9) | |||||
| $50–64,999 | 5 (8.8) | 8 (15.1) | |||||
| $65–79,999 | 6 (10.5) | 5 (9.4) | |||||
| $80–94,999 | 11 (19.3) | 1 (1.9) | |||||
| >$95,000 | 13 (22.8) | 18 (34) | |||||
*
Preimplant unaided PTA in the better ear for the frequencies 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz in dB HL.
†
WASI matrix reasoning subtest t score for nonverbal intelligence.
‡
We adhered to the age breakdown as presented in the BASC manual. Parents of participants 6–11 years of age received the child form of the BASC, while parents of participants 12–21 years of age received the adolescent form of the BASC.
BASC, Behavior Assessment System for Children; CI, cochlear implant; CMRS, Communication Mode Rating Scale; HA, hearing aid; NH, normal hearing; PTA, pure-tone average; SD, standard deviation; WASI, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence.