TABLE 4.

Correlations between BASC and CHAOS psychosocial outcomes, and neurocognitive composite scores for CI and NH participants, controlling for nonverbal intelligence

	Neurocognitive Composite Scores
	Language		Verbal Working Memory		Visual–Spatial Working Memory		Fluency–Speed		Inhibition–Concentration
Questionnaires	CI	NH	CI	NH	CI	NH	CI	NH	CI	NH
df	54	50	54	50	54	50	54	50	50	48
BASC indices
Externalizing problems	−0.20	−0.15	−0.13	−0.26	−0.10	−0.20	−0.24	−0.10	−0.24	−0.26
Internalizing problems	−0.22	−0.21	−0.21	−0.18	−0.23	−0.28*	−0.12	−0.20	−0.12	−0.09
Behavioral symptoms	−0.39†	−0.20	−0.24	−0.31*	−0.21	−0.24	−0.22	−0.29*	−0.26	−0.31*
Adaptive skills	0.50‡	0.17	0.19	0.13	0.26	0.12	0.06	0.18	0.15	0.04
df	54	49	54	49	54	49	54	49	50	47
CHAOS subscales
Conduct problems	−0.15	0.02	−0.16	−0.28*	0.19	−0.06	−0.02	0.02	0.02	−0.41†
Hyperactivity–impulsivity	−0.08	−0.12	−0.12	−0.13	−0.06	−0.05	−0.12	0.04	−0.22	−0.35*
Attention problems	−0.39†	−0.01	−0.33†	−0.27	−0.30*	−0.14	−0.10	−0.28*	−0.24	−0.15
Oppositional behavior	−0.28*	−0.05	−0.13	−0.23	0.05	−0.11	−0.14	−0.13	−0.10	−0.41†

^*p < 0.05.

^†p < 0.01.

^‡p < 0.001.

BASC, Behavior Assessment System for Children; CHAOS, Conduct Hyperactive Attention Problem Oppositional Symptom; CI, cochlear implant; Df, degrees of freedom; NH, normal hearing.