Table 1. Household demographics and utilization of chicken assets in the two study regions, Horro and Jarso, Ethiopia.
Data were obtained from 200 randomly selected households per region, collected in May 2011. Quantitative (numerical) variables reported as median [inter-quartile range]. Categorical variables reported as number (percentage: 95% Confidence Interval), unless otherwise indicated.
| Variable | Horro | Jarso | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Household head age (years) | 38 [30.0-55.0] | 35 [30.0-47.8] | 0.07* | |
| Female-headed households | 16 (8%: 5-13%) | 10 (5%: 3-9%) | 0.3† | |
| Family size (number of people) | 7.0 [5.0-8.0] | 6.0 [5.0-8.0] | 0.1* | |
| Household head education level§ | None | 37% | 63% | <0.001‡ |
| Primary | 42% | 35% | ||
| Secondary | 13% | 1% | ||
| High school | 7% | 1% | ||
| College | 1% | 0% | ||
| Household land size (Ha) | 2.0 [1.0-3.0] | 0.4 [0.3-0.5] | <0.001* | |
| Chicken ownership¶ (% [95%CI]) | 75% [67-82%] | 71% [63-77%] | 0.5† | |
| TLU# owned | 7.6 [4.3-11.5] | 2.1 [1.2-3.2] | <0.001* | |
| Chicken TLU# | 0.21 [0.10-0.36] | 0.10 [0.06-0.16] | <0.001* | |
| Chicken number | 8.0 [4.0-14.25] | 4 [2-6] | <0.001* | |
| Reported value of flock (ETB) | 173 [98.5-265] | 75 [40-115.8] | <0.001* | |
| Purpose of chicken keeping | Sale | 181 (96%: 93-98%) | 175 (93%: 88-96%) | 0.18† |
| Consumption | 69 (37%: 30-44%) | 35 (19%: 14-27%) | <0.001† | |
| Purpose of egg production | Hatching | 131 (70%: 63-76%) | 60 (30%: 24-37%) | <0.001† |
| Sale | 76 (41%: 34-48%) | 131 (66%: 59-72%) | <0.001† | |
| Consumption | 47 (25%: 19-32%) | 61 (31%: 25-37%) | 0.27† | |
| Sold chickens in last 12 months | 114 (57%: 50-64%) | 76 (38%: 32-45%) | <0.001† | |
| Number of chickens sold‡ | 4 [2 -6] | 2 [1-4] | <0.001* | |
| Sold eggs in last 12 months | 17 (8.5%: 5-13%) | 37 (18.5%: 14-24%) | 0.005† | |
| Income from sale of chickens in past year (ETB) ‖ | 120 [70 -220) | 56 [30 -100] | <0.001* | |
| Percentage of household income from chickens ‖ | 1.68 [0.96 – 2.85} | 0.68 [0.39 – 1.49] | <0.001* | |
| Mean (sd) price per hen (ETB) | 26 (14) | 17 (5) | <0.001* | |
| Mean (sd) price per cock (ETB) | 41 (14) | 27 (12) | <0.001* | |
| Eaten chickens in last 12 month | 132 (68%: 61-74%) | 35 (18%: 13-23%) | <0.001† | |
| Number of chickens consumed∆ | 2 [1-3] | 3 [2-4] | 0.054* | |
| Eaten eggs in last 12 month | 33 (17%: 12-22%) | 45 (23%: 17-29%) | 0.165† | |
| Number of eggs consumed ∆ | 20 [10-40] | 21 [12-50] | 0.33* |
Mann-Whitney U test
Chi-square test
Chi-square test for trend
Primary (grade 1-4), Secondary (grade 5-8), High school (grade 9-12).
estimated from number of households not owning chickens among all households that were visited to identify the required number owning at least 2 adult birds
TLU – Tropical Livestock Units, calculated according to Storck et al (26).
Calculations based on households which sold at least 1 chicken or egg (as appropriate)
Calculations based on households which consumed at least 1 chicken or egg (as appropriate). Among the entire sample, the median number of chickens consumed per household in the last 12 months was 1 in Horro and 0 in Jarso (see also Figure 2), and 0 eggs in both Horro and Jarso.
ETB = Ethiopian Birr. At the time of the study, 1 USD was approximately equal to 17 Ethiopian Birr (ETB)