Boxplots of normalized and non-normalized uNGAL concentrations in “no growth,” “UTC,” and “UTI” groups. Normalized (top graph) and non-normalized (bottom graph) and uNGAL concentrations in patients with no growth, UTC, and UTI. Significant differences exist between all groups for both the normalized and non-normalized uNGAL concentrations. uNGAL urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, UTC urinary tract colonization, UTI urinary tract infection