. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 5.

Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Nephrol. 2018 Mar 12;33(8):1365–1374. doi: 10.1007/s00467-018-3936-0

Table 1.

Demographics, urinalysis results, and uropathogens in patients with no growth, UTC, and UTI

	No growth (n = 100)	UTC (n = 77)	UTI (n = 24)
Age (years), mean (SD)	9.0 (6.4)	11.6 (7.1)^a	8.6 (6.4)
Female	35 (35)	51 (66)^a	13 (54)
Black	10 (10)	7 (9)	1 (8)
Hispanic	2 (2)	3 (4)	2 (8)
Fever on presentation	30 (30)	18 (23)	13 (54)^a
Mitrofanoff	16 (16)	35 (46)^a	7 (29)
Bladder augmentation	5 (5)	14 (18)	3 (13)
Chronic kidney disease	20 (20)	7 (9)	5 (21)
Etiology of neurogenic bladder
Myelomeningocele	44 (44)	31 (41)	8 (33)
Anorectal malformation	9 (9)	12 (16)	5 (21)
Tethered cord	11 (11)	10 (13)	4 (17)
Urinalysis parameters
Nitrites present	2 (3)	22 (29)^a	10 (42)^a
Absent LE	61 (75)	25 (32)^a,b	0 (0)^a
Trace LE	6 (7)	13 (17)^a	1 (4)
Small LE	4 (5)	8 (10)^a	3 (13)^a
Moderate LE	4 (5)	13 (17)^a	3 (13)^a
Large LE	6 (7)	18 (23)^a,b	17 (71)^a
1–10 urinary WBCs	30 (56)	25 (35)^a,b	0 (0)^a
11–20 urinary WBCs	8 (15)	10 (13)	5 (21)
21–30 urinary WBCs	4 (7)	9 (12)	2 (8)
31–50 urinary WBCs	0 (0)	4 (6)	4 (13)^a
> 50 urinary WBCs	4 (7)	17 (22)^a,b	13 (54)^a
Uropathogens
E. coli		36 (47)	13 (54)
Klebsiella pneumoniae		11 (14)	6 (25)
Enterococcus spp.		6 (8)	0 (0)
Enterobacter spp.		3 (4)	0 (0)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa		4 (5)	1 (4)
Serratia spp.		3 (4)	1 (4)
Proteus mirabilis		1 (1)	1 (4)
Symptoms
Abdominal pain	7 (7)	10 (13)^b	10 (42)^a
Fever	6 (6)	13 (17)^a,b	13 (54)^a
Flank or back pain	3 (3)	6 (8)^b	9 (38)^a
New or worse incontinence	12 (12)	17 (22)	10 (42)^a
Pain with CIC	8 (8)	4 (5)	2 (8)
Malodorous or cloudy urine	10 (10)	8 (10)^b	10 (42)^a

All data presented as n(%) unless otherwise stated

uNGAL urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, UTC urinary tract colonization, UTI urinary tract infection, LE leukocyte esterase, WBC white blood cell, CIC clean intermittent catheterization

p < 0.05 compared with no growth

p < 0.05 compared with UTI