Figure 5.

Neurofunctional outcomes at postoperative 3 months and 1 year follow-up. D-values are defined as measurement value difference, positive value is considered as improvement, negative value is considered as deterioration. At postoperative 3 months and 1 year follow-up: (A) D-value of VAS scores shows the improvements in lower limbs pain; (B) D-value of VAS scores indicates the remissions in most patients with low back pain; (C) D-value of ODI scores reveals the relief in most patients with lumbar dysfunctions; (D) 22 patients achieve neurofunctional improvements according to the modified MacNab criteria. VAS, visual analogue scale; ODI, Oswestry disability index.