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| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Female | 7 |
| Male | 16 |
| Age (years)† | 58 [45–61] |
| BMI (kg/cm2)§ | 24.1±3.6 |
| Operative segment | |
| L2/3 | 2 |
| L3/4 | 1 |
| L4/5 | 14 |
| L5/S1 | 6 |
†, in deviation distribution, data was presented as median (P25, P75) (P, percentile); §, in normal distribution, data was presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). BMI, body mass index.
