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| Variable | Pre-op | Follow-up | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-month | 1-year | 3-month vs. 1 year | Pre-op vs. 1 year | |||
| VAS score† (low back) | 3 (0–5) | 1 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.239 | 0.001 | |
| VAS score† (lower limbs) | 5 (5-7) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.909 | <0.001 | |
| ODI† | 71% (47–82%) | 4% (0–12%) | 0 (0–8%) | 0.615 | <0.001 | |
†, in deviation distribution, data was presented as median (P25, P75) (P, percentile). VAS, visual analogue scale; ODI, Oswestry disability index; Pre-op, pre-operation.
