Table 1. Summary of publications reporting UCTR for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Reference	No. of patients	Type of study	Surgical approach	Instruments	Incision size	Postsurgical analysis	Follow-up	Complications
Nakamichi et al 1997	103	Prospective, comparative, monocentric, randomized (50 vs. 53)	Mixed (miniopen surgery + UCTR) Access palmar Anterograde section under the FR versus miniopen (distal flexion crease)	Dissecting scissors Basket punch Trocar	15 vs. 10 mm	Pain Paraesthesia Grip test Sensitivity	24 mo	0
Nakamichi et al 2010	74	Prospective, comparative, monocentric, randomized (35 vs. 39) vs. miniopen	Mixed (surgery + UCTR) Access palmar Anterograde section under the FR	Hook knife + guide + trocar	4 vs. 10–15 mm	Pain Paraesthesia Grip test Sensitivity	24 mo	0
Petrover et al 2017 7	39	Monocentric, open, noncontrolled Interventional ultrasound room	Dissection with scissors UCTR under the FR Retrograde Wrist flexion crease 19.0 ± 4.6 min	Dissecting Scissors Endoscope Trocar Specific hook knife	5 mm	Pain score Paraesthesia Resumption of activity	3 mo	0
Capa-Grasa et al 2014 5	57	Pilot study of feasibility, monocentric, randomized, comparative vs. miniopen (office-based surgery)	UCTR Wrist flexion crease Under the FR Retrograde Interval between patients 19.1 ± 1.41 min	Hook knife + Kirschner's guide	1–2 mm vs. 2 cm	Quick-Dash questionnaire Grip test	3 mo	0
Rojo-Manaute et al 2016 6	128	Monocentric, randomized, comparative vs. miniopen (office-based surgery)	UCTR Retrograde Under the FR Vs. miniopen Wrist flexion crease	Hook knife + Kirschner's guide	1–2 mm vs. 2 cm	Quick-Dash questionnaire Grip test Paraesthesia Resumption of daily activity and work	12 mo	0
McShane et al 2012 22	17	Retrospective Monocentric	Needle fenestration Under the FR Wrist flexion crease	18G needle xylo + betamethasone	1 mm	DASH score Grip test Ultrasound median nerve diameter	9.2 mo	0
Chern et al 2015 4	91	Monocentric	Superficial route Below the FR Retrograde Wrist flexion crease	Specific hook knife + Kirschner's guide	2 mm	Boston score Grip test	22.5 mo	0 (1 recurrence 14 mo)
Petrover et al 2017 9	129	Monocentric, open Interventional ultrasound block	UCTR Under the FR Retrograde section Wrist flexion crease 5.8 ± 2.4 min	Hook knife	2 mm	Boston score MRI	6 mo	0

Abbreviations: FR, flexor retinaculum; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; UCTR, ultrasound-guided carpal tunnel release.