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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Res. 2018 Sep 8;136:121–132. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.001

Table 1. Examples of treatment durations and delays in random cytoprotective clinical trials.

Treatment duration is largely ignored in cytoprotective strategies [4648], We argue that both short treatment delays and prolonged treatment durations may be required to maximize sustained therapeutic efficacy after AIS as this study concludes for PNU120596, a prototypical PAM of a7 nAChRs.

Treatment Durations (from <24 h to 8 weeks) and Delavs In Random Cvtoorotective Clinical Trials
<24 h 48–72 h 5–14 days 4 weeks 6–8 weeks
Drug/Delay
to Treatment, h
Drug/Delay
to Treatment, h
Drug/Delay
to Treatment, h
Drug/Delay
to Treatment, h
Drug/Delay
to Treatment, h
Selfotel/6[87]
Destrorphan/48[88]
Aptiganel/6[89]
Clomethiazole/12[90]
UK-279,276/6[91]
YM872/6
Nalmefene/6[92]
Magnesium
Sulfate/2 [93]
Rhapsody/12[94]
AR-R15896AR/12[95]
NXY-059/24[50,96]
GV150526/12[97,98]
ZK200775/24[99]
Tirilazad/6[100]
IL-1 ra/6 [101]
Sipatrigine/12[102]
BMS-204352/6
Repinotan/4.5[103]
Diazepam/12[104]
DCLHB/18[105]
Nimodipine/6-48[106]
Enlimomab/6-24 [107,108]
Lubeluzole/8[109]
Ebselen/24[110]
ONO-2506/6
Edaravone/24[111]
Nimodipine/24–48 [112,113]
Cerebrolysin/12–72 [114,115]
Citicholine/6–24[116]*
Piracetam/7[117]*
*)

The longest treatment durations by agents stabilizing cellular membranes: citicoline (6wks) [116] and piracetam (8 wks) [118121].