Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study participants
| Characteristic | All (n=68) | Fail all 3 (n=9) | Pass at least one (n=59) | Pass/Fail P-value | Pass one (n=11) | Pass two (n=35) | Pass three (n=13) | ANOVA/Fisher P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (SD), y | 54.3(15.7) | 64.4(15.2) | 52.8(15.4) | 0.057 | 45.5(15.9) | 54.5(14.3) | 55.2(17.0) | 0.063 |
| Female, n(%) | 37(54) | 6(66.7) | 31(52.5) | 0.494 | 7(63.4) | 18(51.4) | 6(46.2) | 0.708 |
| White, n(%) | 64(94.1) | 9(100) | 55(93.2) | 1.00 | 10(90.9) | 33(94.3) | 12(92.3) | 0.633 |
| Height(SD), m | 1.7(0.1) | 1.7(0.1) | 1.7(0.1) | 0.643 | 1.7(0.1) | 1.7(0.1) | 1.7(0.9) | 0.742 |
| Weight(SD), kg | 90.1(27.8) | 94.8(27.4) | 89.4(28.1) | 0.591 | 82.7(24.3) | 92.2(29.7) | 87.4(27.3) | 0.722 |
| Body mass Index, kg/m2 | 30.0(8.8) | 31.0(7.0) | 30.0(8.8) | 0.709 | 28.5(8.5) | 30.6(9.2) | 29.9(8.6) | 0.900 |
| Barrel shaped chest, n(%) | 8(12.1) | 1(111) | 7(12.3) | 1.00 | 1(10.0) | 5(14.3) | 1(8.3) | 1.00 |
| Upper chest circumference(SD), cm | 109.0(18.7) | 113.2(18.2) | 108.3(18.9) | 0.472 | 98.5(12.9) | 112.3(19.9) | 106(18.1) | 0.151 |
| Lower chest circumference(SD), cm | 104.8(19.5) | 108.1(17.3) | 104.2(20.0) | 0.542 | 94.7(10.8) | 109.0(21.2) | 99.4(19.7) | 0.118 |
| Waist-to-Hip ratio(SD) | 0.96(0.10) | 1.0(0.08) | 0.95(0.10) | 0.077 | 0.92(0.08) | 0.97(0.08) | 0.93(0.09) | 0.167 |
| CHD, n(%) | 6(8.8) | 1(111) | 5(8.5) | 1.00 | 1(9.1) | 4(11.4) | 0(0) | 0.747 |
| LVEF(SD), % | 61.1(7.8) | 59.2(2.6) | 61.3(8.2) | 0.385 | 61.1(13.6) | 60.5(5.4) | 65.5(1.8) | 0.773 |
| Heart failure, n(%) | 5(7.4) | 0(0) | 4(6.8) | 1.00 | 1(9.1) | 3(8.6) | 0(0) | 0.894 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n(%) | 13(19.1) | 2(22.2) | 11(18.6) | 1.00 | 0(0) | 7(20.0) | 4(30.8) | 0.256 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 28(41.2) | 3(33.3) | 25(42.4) | 0.727 | 3(27.3) | 17(48.6) | 5(38.5) | 0.581 |
| Valvular heart disease, n(%) | 3(4.4) | 0(0) | 3(5.1) | 1.00 | 2(18.2) | 1(2.9) | 0(0) | 0.172 |
| Cancer chemotherapy, n(%) | 23(33.8) | 2(22.2) | 21(35.6) | 0.707 | 4(36.4) | 12(34.3) | 5(38.5) | 0.924 |
| Bariatric surgery, n(%) | 5(7.1) | 0 | 5(8.5) | 1.00 | 0(0) | 4(11.4) | 1(7.7) | 0.763 |
| Never smoked, n(%) | 34(51.5) | 6(66.7) | 28(49.1) | 0.658 | 8(72.7) | 12(36.4) | 8(61.5) | 0.227 |
| Drinks per week(SD), n | 2.7(3.0) | 1(0) | 3.1(32) | 0.040 | 1.7(0.5) | 1.3(0.5) | 1.4(0.5) | 0.083 |