Table 1.
Demographic and Disease-Related Sample Characteristics (N = 455)
| Sample Characteristics | n (%) | M (SD) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.0 (10.1) | |
| < 45 | 25 (5.5) | |
| 45–64 | 273 (60.0) | |
| ≥ 65 | 157 (34.5) | |
| Race | ||
| White | 403 (88.6) | |
| Black | 25 (5.5) | |
| American Indian | 2 (0.4) | |
| Asian | 1 (0.2) | |
| More than 1 race | 21 (4.6) | |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 375 (82.4) | |
| Male | 80 (17.6) | |
| Education | ||
| High school or less | 43 (9.4) | |
| Tech or some college | 147 (17.2) | |
| College degree or higher | 264 (58.0) | |
| Annual household income | ||
| < $25,000 | 77 (16.9) | |
| $25,000-$55,000 | 113 (24.8) | |
| $56,000-$85,000 | 70 (15.4) | |
| ≥ $86,000 | 115 (25.3) | |
| Marital status | ||
| Married/civil union | 284 (62.5) | |
| Living with significant other | 16 (3.5) | |
| Divorced/separated | 94 (20.6) | |
| Widowed | 35 (7.7) | |
| Never married | 25 (5.5) | |
| MS type | ||
| Relapsing-remitting | 271 (59.6) | |
| Secondary progressive | 101 (22.2) | |
| Primary progressive | 29 (6.4) | |
| Progressive-relapsing | 12 (2.6) | |
| Disease duration (years) | 21.2 (9.6) | |
| Average paina (range: 0–10) | 2.94 (2.52) | |
| No pain | 97 (21.3) | |
| Mild pain | 132 (29.0) | |
| Moderate pain | 146 (32.1) | |
| Severe pain | 79 (17.4) |
Note:
a
Cut-off scores for pain intensity adapted from Alschuler, Jensen, & Ehde, 2012 where mild: 1–2, moderate: 3–5, and severe: 6–10.