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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: ASAIO J. 2018 Nov-Dec;64(6):e172–e180. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000000847

Table 2.

Physiological Stress, Psychological Stress and Outcomes by Implant Strategy

Overall Implant Strategy
(n=44) Mean± SD (n=44) Median (IQR) BTT (n = 24) Median(IQR) DT (n = 20) Median(IQR) Mann-Whitney U or Chi2 p-value
Physiological Stress: Biomarkers
Cortisol (μg/dL)
Waking 0.26 ± 0.12 0.23 (.19–.33) 0.21 (.16–.25) 0.29 (.21–.38) 0.03
30 minute after waking 0.31 ± 0.18 0.30 (.19–.42) 0.29 (.19–.40) 0.30 (.21–.46) 0.55
Bedtime 0.12 ± 0.11 0.08 (.05–.13) 0.08 (.05–.11) 0.10 (.05–.18) 0.37
Area under the curve 322.3 ± 226 263.7 (179–419) 253.7 (181–363) 271.5 (176–470) 0.45
C-reactive protein (pg/mL) 1196 ± 823 1003.6 (479–1654) 1329.9 (306–2135) 980.6 (518–1433) 0.63
Physiological Stress: Sleep Quality
Global sleep quality (0 = best - 21 = worst) 6.2 ± 3.5 5.5 (3–8.5) 6 (3–8) 5 (3.5–9.5) 0.81
Psychological Stress
Perceived Stress Scale (0 = no stress – 40 = maximum) 11.8 ± 7.0 12 (6–18) 12 (6–17) 11.5 (6–18) 0.93
Depression PHQ-9 (0 = No symptoms – 10 = maximum depressive symptoms) 3.4 ± 3.8 2 (1–5) 2 (.5–4) 2.5 (1–5.5) 0.46
Fatigue MAF total (1 = no fatigue – 50 = severe fatigue) 15.1 ± 8.7 16.6 (11–21) 18.5 (11–21) 14.3 (12–20) 0.46
Quality of Life
KCCQ Overall (0 = poor – 100 = excellent QOL) 73.0 ± 13.5 74.6 (66–82) 75.6 (66–82) 71.0 (65–81) 0.44
Hi QOL (>75) %(n) 48% (21) 50% (12) 45% (9) 0.74
Functional Status
6 Minute Walk Test Distance (meters) 337.9 ± 162 368.1 (275–440) 367.3 (274–432) 374.9 (278–453) 0.87
Hi 6MWT (>300m) %(n) - 68%(30) 67% (16) 70% (14) 0.81