Table 2. Adjusted percentage (95% CI) and odds ratios (95% CI) of obesity, hypertension, high total cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, high triglycerides, elevated ALT and albuminuria associated with prediabetes status, 2005–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
| Percentages | Odds ratios‡ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Normal glucose | Prediabetes | P-value | ||
| Obesity | ||||
| Unadjusted | 18.4 (15.9–21.2) | 28.6 (23.6–34.3) | < 0.001 | 1.78 (1.32–2.38) |
| Multivariable model 1* | 18.1 (15.6–20.9) | 28.4 (23.1–34.4) | < 0.001 | 1.79 (1.33–2.41) |
| Multivariable model 2† | 17.7 (15.1–20.7) | 28.6 (22.9–35.0) | < 0.001 | 1.86 (1.35–2.55) |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Unadjusted | 1.8 (1.2–2.9) | 4.3 (2.6–6.9) | 0.01 | 2.36 (1.24–4.52) |
| Multivariable model 1* | 1.6 (1.0–2.7) | 3.2 (1.8–5.6) | 0.03 | 2.04 (1.06–3.93) |
| Multivariable model 2† | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 2.1 (1.1–4.0) | 0.11 | 1.77 (0.88–3.54) |
| High total cholesterol | ||||
| Unadjusted | 8.0 (6.5–9.8) | 10.7 (7.7–14.9) | 0.15 | 1.38 (0.89–2.14) |
| Multivariable model 1* | 7.9 (6.4–9.6) | 11.0 (7.8–15.3) | 0.11 | 1.45 (0.92–2.27) |
| Multivariable model 2† | 7.7 (6.1–9.5) | 9.7 (6.9–13.6) | 0.26 | 1.30 (0.82–2.06) |
| High LDL-cholesterol | ||||
| Unadjusted | 5.9 (4.6–7.6) | 9.4 (6.0–14.4) | 0.09 | 1.65 (0.93–2.92) |
| Multivariable model 1* | 5.7 (4.4–7.3) | 9.3 (5.9–14.4) | 0.07 | 1.71 (0.95–3.10) |
| Multivariable model 2† | 5.4 (4.0–7.2) | 8.3 (5.3–12.6) | 0.12 | 1.59 (0.88–2.88) |
| Low HDL-cholesterol | ||||
| Unadjusted | 10.6 (8.7–12.7) | 19.4 (15.6–23.9) | < 0.001 | 2.04 (1.43–2.91) |
| Multivariable model 1* | 9.9 (8.2–11.8) | 17.9 (13.8–23.0) | < 0.001 | 2.00 (1.36–2.93) |
| Multivariable model 2† | 7.8 (6.5–9.5) | 12.1 (8.8–16.5) | 0.02 | 1.62 (1.08–2.44) |
| High triglycerides | ||||
| Unadjusted | 10.8 (9.1–12.8) | 18.4 (14.4–23.3) | < 0.001 | 1.87 (1.35–2.58) |
| Multivariable model 1* | 9.9 (8.4–11.7) | 17.3 (13.2–22.3) | < 0.001 | 1.90 (1.35–2.68) |
| Multivariable model 2† | 8.9 (7.3–10.8) | 13.6 (9.7–18.6) | 0.01 | 1.61 (1.12–2.30) |
| Elevated ALT | ||||
| Unadjusted | 5.1 (3.9–6.5) | 12.7 (9.5–16.6) | < 0.001 | 2.73 (1.70–4.38) |
| Multivariable model 1* | 4.2 (3.3–5.4) | 10.8 (7.7–15.1) | < 0.001 | 2.74 (1.73–4.35) |
| Multivariable model 2† | 2.9 (2.1–4.0) | 5.9 (3.6–9.4) | 0.01 | 2.09 (1.19–3.67) |
| Albuminuria | ||||
| Unadjusted | 11.8 (10.0–13.9) | 11.6 (8.6–15.6) | 0.95 | 0.99 (0.66–1.48) |
| Multivariable model 1* | 10.4 (8.6–12.5) | 11.5 (8.2–15.9) | 0.61 | 1.12 (0.72–1.72) |
| Multivariable model 2† | 9.6 (7.6–12.0) | 11.6 (7.6–17.2) | 0.39 | 1.24 (0.76–2.02) |
CI, confidence interval; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
*
Multivariable model 1 adjusted for age, race/ethnicity and sex.
†
Multivariable model 2 adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, sex, income, smoking, daily calories consumed, per cent of calories from saturated fat, BMI (except obesity model) and systolic BP (albuminuria model only).
‡
Odds ratio determined from logistic regression.