| Dermis |
Tuberculin skin test (TST) (5) |
94–95 |
88 |
| Serum |
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) level (6) |
93 |
88 |
| Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) (5,7) |
80–81 |
99 |
| Sputum (expectorated) |
Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear, single (3,8,9) |
36–54 |
>90 |
| AFB smear, two (3,8) |
65 |
>90 |
| AFB smear, three (3,8) |
70 |
>90 |
| Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) (3) |
66–96 |
85–98 |
| Mycobacterial culture (3,9,10) |
18–80 |
>95 |
| Sputum (induction) |
AFB smear, single (3,8,9) |
36–54 |
>90 |
| AFB smear, two (3,8) |
65 |
>90 |
| AFB smear, three (3,8) |
70 |
>90 |
| NAAT (3) |
66–96 |
85–98 |
| Mycobacterial culture (3,9,10) |
27–80 |
>95 |
| Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) |
AFB smear (3,8) |
53 |
>90 |
| Mycobacterial culture (3,8) |
68–95 |
90–97 |
| Expectorated sputum after bronchoscopy |
Mycobacterial culture (3) |
35–80 |
>95 |
| Transbronchial biopsy (TBB) |
Microscopy/histopathology (3) |
42–75 |
N/A |
| AFB smear (3) |
9–56 |
>90 |
| Pleural fluid |
ADA (3,11) |
88–99 |
90–97 |
| AFB smear (3) |
10 |
>90 |
| IGRA (3) |
87–91 |
97 |
| NAAT (3) |
28–81 |
90–98 |
| Mycobacterial culture (3) |
89 |
90–97 |
| Pleural biopsy |
Microscopy/histopathology (3) |
69–97 |
N/A |
| AFB smear (3) |
14–76 |
>90 |
| NAAT (3) |
90 |
98 |
| Mycobacterial culture (3) |
40–95 |
>90 |
| Lymph node biopsy |
Microscopy/histopathology (3,12) |
32–88 |
N/A |
| Mycobacterial culture (3,12) |
62–93 |
>95 |
| AFB smear (13) |
25–50 |
>90 |
| NAAT (3,12) |
72–88 |
55–68 |
| Gastric lavage (GL) |
AFB smear (14) |
66 |
>95 |
| Mycobacterial culture (13) |
86 |
>95 |
