. 2018 Nov 2;4(10):e00885. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00885

Table 2.

Pattern of sugar consumption and ethanol yield during the course of fermentation (72 h) in Steam/DSA pretreated and saccharified hydrolysates under F-SHF.

Biomass	Initial sugars (g/L)^∗	HY (%)^∗∗	Reducing sugar consumption during fermentation (g/L)			Volumetric ethanol productivity (g/L/h)			Ethanol yield (Y_E)^∗∗∗			Ethanol content (g/L)
Biomass	Initial sugars (g/L)^∗	HY (%)^∗∗	24 h	48 h	72 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	24 h	48 h	72 h
(a) Steam pretreated and saccharified biomass
SP peel	99.56^c	86.48^b	75.15^fg	75.59^ef	76.16^e	1.15^e	0.59^d	0.397^d	0.368^c	0.374^b	0.375^b	27.67^f	28.27^f	28.58^f
EFY peel	90.12^d	84.64^c	75.89^f	76.29^e	76.80^e	1.15^e	0.59^d	0.395^d	0.364^c	0.369^b	0.370^b	27.62^f	28.17^f	28.45^f
Tannia peel	86.56^e	80.19^e	74.11^g	74.49^f	74.99^f	1.11^e	0.57^d	0.381^d	0.359^c	0.365^b	0.366^b	26.63^g	27.15^f	27.43^f
GY peel	105.91^b	89.18^a	85.70^c	86.17^c	86.77^c	1.33^d	0.68^cd	0.458^c	0.374^b	0.379^b	0.380^b	32.01^e	32.65^e	32.98^e
BR peel	117.54^a	87.01^ab	93.53^a	94.05^a	94.72^a	1.47^c	0.75^b	0.505^a	0.377^b	0.382^b	0.383^b	35.24^c	35.95^cd	36.32^c
(b) DSA pretreated and saccharified biomass
SP peel	101.44^bc	88.12^a	81.39^d	81.82^d	82.40^d	1.413^c	0.719^bc	0.484^b	0.417^ab	0.422^a	0.423^a	33.90^d	34.50^d	34.82^d
EFY peel	78.96^f	74.16^f	69.08ⁱ	69.48^h	70.00^h	1.411^cd	0.717^bc	0.482^b	0.490^a	0.495^a	0.496^a	33.86^d	34.40^d	34.69^d
Tannia peel	79.90^f	74.02^f	71.81^h	72.19^g	72.68^g	1.370^d	0.696^c	0.468^c	0.458^a	0.463^a	0.463^a	32.87^e	33.39^de	33.66^de
GY peel	96.22^c	81.03^d	80.36^e	80.83^d	81.44^d	1.594^b	0.810^ab	0.545^a	0.476^a	0.481^a	0.482^a	38.25^b	38.89^b	39.22^b
BR peel	107.35^b	79.46^e	87.70^b	88.21^b	88.89^b	1.728^a	0.879^a	0.591^a	0.473^a	0.478^a	0.479^a	41.48^a	42.19^a	42.56^a

^∗

Initial reducing sugars available for fermentation (g/L) in saccharified liquor from fed-batch system (after 96 h saccharification).

^∗∗

indicates the final saccharification yield as per Eq. (1) (includes the pretreatment yield also).

^∗∗∗

Y_E: g ethanol produced/g sugar consumed; statistical comparison was made column-wise and values with different superscripts are significant at p < 0.05.