Table 6.
HMF and furfural in the hydrolysate (96 h; F-SHF) and fermented broth [after fermentation (72 h; F-SHF) and 120 h (F-SSF)] from steam/DSA pretreated biomass.
| Biomass | 96 h hydrolysate (F-SHF) |
Fermented broth (72 h; F-SHF) |
Fermented broth (120 h; F-SSF) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ST | DSA | ST | DSA | ST | DSA | |
| (a) HMF (mg/L) | ||||||
| SP peel | 61.95 | 85.65 | 50.88 (17.87)a | 74.73 (12.75) | 67.59 | 89.97 |
| EFY peel | 56.53 | 85.45 | 45.18 (20.08) | 74.93 (12.31) | 62.16 | 89.59 |
| Tannia peel | 58.55 | 76.95 | 47.30 (19.21) | 65.90 (14.36) | 64.19 | 81.19 |
| GY peel | 34.75 | 87.35 | 22.29 (35.86) | 76.09 (12.89) | 40.39 | 91.67 |
| BR peel | 62.76 | 87.56 | 51.73 (17.57) | 76.73 (12.37) | 68.40 | 88.88 |
| (b) Furfural (mg/L) | ||||||
| SP peel | 59.54 | 64.16 | 50.29 (15.54) | 57.62 (10.19) | 65.46 | 69.11 |
| EFY peel | 43.05 | 37.56 | 37.21 (13.57) | 31.89 (15.10) | 35.44 | 37.66 |
| Tannia peel | 42.96 | 25.78 | 39.04 (9.12) | 23.17 (10.12) | 26.11 | 27.13 |
| GY peel | 44.45 | 42.79 | 38.26 (13.93) | 39.08 (8.67) | 43.11 | 44.66 |
| BR peel | 14.93 | 10.61 | 14.49 (2.95) | 9.82 (7.45) | 10.54 | 11.54 |
a
Figures in parentheses indicate the percentage decrease in HMF and furfural during fermentation (72 h) by yeast; Each value represents the data from single pooled analysis of three replicates.