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. 2018 Nov 5;8:16338. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34612-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mesangial cell fibrosis and upregulation of TGFB1 expression in db/db mice. (A) PAS staining and representative images of immunostaining of α−smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type IV collagen (Col IV) in glomeruli from 15-week-old db/m, db/db, Mesangial cell fibrosis and the expression of α-SMA and Col IV are significantly increased in db/db mice compared to db/m mice. (B) Real-time PCR of Tgfb1 mRNA (normalized to Gapdh) and the results of immunoblotting of TGFB1 (normalized to beta-actin) in whole kidneys of 15-week-old db/m, db/db mice. The expression of Tgfb1 mRNA and TGFB1 protein in db/db mice significantly higher than that in db/m mice. Data represent the mean ± SEM. n = 6. Filled circles: db/m mice; open circles: db/db mice. Original gel image of western blot analysis are presented in Supplemental Fig. 4.