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. 2018 Nov 5;8:16355. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34737-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Global EMG over the course of the experiment. (a,b) Global EMG, which is a proxy for stiffness, was calculated on each trial and plotted as an average of a block of five trials. Data show mean ± s.e.m. across participants in the stiff (red), relaxed (blue) and control (cyan) groups. Vertical dashed lines indicate rest breaks. (a) Global EMG from −200 ms to 130 ms relative to movement onset. (b) Global EMG from 130 ms to 400 ms relative to movement onset.