Table 6.
The results for multigroup regression models for the traditional SART measures in Study 2 (n = 116).
| Commission errors | Mean RT (ms) | SDRT (ms) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | SE | p | β | B | SE | p | β | B | SE | p | β | ||
| Mean difference, estimated | (1) No tasks | -1.99∗∗ | 0.70 | 0.00 | -0.47 | 27.04∗ | 11.53 | 0.02 | 0.46 | -1.91 | 4.22 | 0.65 | -0.08 |
| (2) Restoration-enhancement tasks (U) | -1.57∗ | 0.79 | 0.05 | -0.32 | -2.58 | 6.28 | 0.68 | -0.06 | -6.43 | 4.45 | 0.15 | -0.27 | |
| (3) Awareness-enhancement tasks | -0.78 | 0.71 | 0.27 | -0.18 | -0.26 | 8.95 | 0.98 | -0.01 | -9.41 | 5.71 | 0.10 | -0.30 | |
| Covariates | Stress | -1.75∗/2.51/49 | 0.77/1.38/0.77 | 0.02/0.07/0.53 | -0.23/0.25/0.07 | -16.03∗ | 7.83 | 0.04 | -0.15/-0.17/-0.20 | -8.73∗ | 4.48 | 0.05 | -0.20/-0.18/-0.17 |
| Start time | 2.74∗∗ | 0.85 | 0.00 | 0.27/0.22/0.24 | -61.86∗∗∗/-33.67∗/-14.47 | 12.81/14.33/13.25 | 0.00/0.02/0.28 | -0.45/-0.30/-0.11 | -24.01∗∗/-1.61/0.94 | 7.62/5.97/12.31 | 0.00/0.79/0.94 | -0.41/-0.03/0.01 | |
| Age | -0.01 | 0.04 | 0.78 | -0.03/-0.02/-0.03 | -0.43/0.79/-0.97 | 0.69/0.53/0.61 | 0.53/0.14/0.12 | -0.08/0.19/-0.20 | -0.38/0.36/-0.28 | 0.36/0.31/0.36 | 0.30/0.25/0.44 | -0.17/0.17/-0.09 | |
| Navigation method (smart phone - map) | 1.30∗∗ | 0.48 | 0.01 | 0.23/0.17/0.23 | 4.83/-25.36∗∗/5.96 | 7.83/8.99/8.68 | 0.54/0.01/0.49 | 0.06/-0.36/0.09 | -3.16 | 2.95 | 0.28 | -0.09/-0.08/-0.08 | |
| Ease of wayfinding | -0.67 | 0.72 | 0.35 | -0.08/-0.09/-0.08 | 9.93 | 6.95 | 0.15 | 0.08/0.15/0.10 | 4.50 | 3.70 | 0.23 | 0.09/0.13/0.07 | |
| R2 (conditions 1/2/3) | 0.23/0.09/0.13 | 0.20/0.16/0.06 | 0.24/0.07/0.04 | ||||||||||
χ2 = 20.08 (df = 22, p = 0.58), RMSEA < 0.001, CFI = 1.00, TLI = 1.03, SMRM = 0.06. Grouping is based on the study condition; figures separated by “/” if they differed between the groups. U, updated from Study 1. 1 outlier deleted; parameters freed across groups: RT and SDRT regressed on age and start time, RT regressed on navigation method, commission errors regressed on stress, covariance between RT and SDRT. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.