Table 2.
The ANCOVA comparing NE scores between aMCI and naMCI groups from the ACE dataset.
| NE on NBACE | aMCI mean (SD) | naMCI mean (SD) | F (3,537) | Eta2 | p-Values after Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing aMCI vs. naMCI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global orientation | 13.78 (1.52) | 14.55 (0.88) | 93.68*** | 0.07 | 0.001 |
| Attention and working memory | |||||
| Forward digits WAIS-III | 6.58 (1.70) | 6.58 (1.69) | 7.26* | 0.01 | 0.007 |
| Backward digits WAIS-III | 3.20 (1.51) | 3.68 (1.57) | 27.73*** | 0.02 | 0.001 |
| Executive function | |||||
| SKT (time in seconds) | 45.37 (20.73) | 39.45 (14.72) | 27.13*** | 0.02 | 0.001 |
| SKT (errors) | 4.62 (5.22) | 3.05 (3.74) | 30.42*** | 0.02 | 0.001 |
| PVF | 8.40 (4.19) | 10.02 (4.38) | 40.25*** | 0.03 | 0.001 |
| SVF | 11.11 (3.83) | 13.29 (4.17) | 90.53*** | 0.07 | 0.001 |
| Similarities WAIS-III | 7.84 (2.98) | 9.03 (2.65) | 48.50*** | 0.04 | 0.001 |
| Language | |||||
| Visual naming (15-BNT) | 12.57 (2.42) | 13.51 (1.74) | 51.42*** | 0.04 | 0.001 |
| Verbal learning and memory WMS-III | |||||
| Learning | 16.44 (4.88) | 23.20 (5.06) | 582.86*** | 0.32 | 0.001 |
| Delayed recall | 1.37 (1.43) | 5.20 (1.77) | 1870.57*** | 0.60 | 0.001 |
| Recognition memory | 18.65 (2.74) | 21.96 (1.64) | 283.37*** | 0.31 | 0.001 |
| Praxis | |||||
| Block design | 2.63 (1.38) | 3.04 (1.20) | 26.23*** | 0.02 | 0.001 |
| Imitation | 2.87 (1.22) | 3.25 (1.04) | 30.14*** | 0.02 | 0.001 |
| Visual gnosis | |||||
| Poppelreuter test | 8.82 (1.46) | 9.30 (1.07) | 35.68*** | 0.03 | 0.001 |
| Luria’s clocks test | 2.51 (1.23) | 2.85 (1.04) | 24.58*** | 0.02 | 0.001 |
| 15-Objects test | 10.75 (2.65) | 11.48 (2.06) | 5.22* | 0.02 | 0.023 |
| Global cognition | 4.80 (2.17) | 5.66 (1.75) | 50.02*** | 0.04 | 0.001 |
NE, neurocognitive endophenotype; NBACE, neuropsychological battery of Fundació ACE; aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; naMCI, non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment; global orientation, sum of temporal + spatial + personal orientations; WAIS-III, Wechsler adult intelligence scale, third edition; SKT, automatic inhibition Syndrome Kurz test; PVF, phonemic verbal fluency; SVF, semantic verbal fluency; 15-BNT, Boston naming test with 15 visual items; WMS-III, Wechsler memory scale, third edition; Learning (Trials 1 + 2 + 3 + 4); Recognition memory, correct answers; Block design, WAIS-III; Visual gnosis (responses); global cognition, clock test; SD, standard deviation; NS, p ≥ 0.05; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p ≤ 0.005; ∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001.