eTable 4. Results of subgroup analyses and meta-regression.

Variable	Beta	SE	95% CI	p
Publication year	0.010	0.011	[−0.012; 0.032]	0.363
Sample size*1	−0.003	0.000	[−0.005; -0.000]	0.045
Mean age	−0.002	0.003	[−0.008; 0.005]	0.618
Proportion of female study participants	−0.061	0.133	[−0.321; 0.199]	0.644
Number of items of Resilience Scale	−0.001	0.006	[−0.012; 0.010]	0.821
Response rate	−0.086	0.146	[−0.373; 0.200]	0.554
	i	r	95% CI	p
Disease status*2				0.221
Current	46	0.41	[0.37; 0.46]
Past	10	0.51	[0.36; 0.64]
Type of illness				0.310
Health problem	5	0.30	[0.09; 0.49]
Medical intervention	4	0.51	[0.43; 0.59]
Chronic illness	23	0.44	[0.38; 0.50]
Acute critical illness	22	0.44	[0.36; 0.52]
Mixed sample	3	0.44	[0.33; 0.54]
Publication status				0.056
Published	51	0.45	[0.40; 0.49]
Unpublished	6	0.30	[0.14; 0.45]

*1 without Wallhäuser-Franke (with >4000 patients) (e50); *2 insufficient information in 1 study Beta = standardized regression coefficient; i = number of samples; SE = standard error; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval