Table 1.
Characteristics of hip fracture cases and controls
| Variable | Cases, n=4551 | Controls, n=45,510 |
|---|---|---|
| Mean±SD or n (%) | Mean±SD or n (%) | |
| Age, yr | 71±12 | 61±14 |
| Median [IQR] | 72 [63–79] | 62 [52–72] |
| Sex | ||
| Women | 2666 (59) | 23,599 (52) |
| Men | 1885 (41) | 21,911 (48) |
| Ethnicity/race | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 1328 (29) | 22,404 (49) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 1812 (40) | 11,383 (25) |
| Non-Hispanic other | 376 (8) | 2840 (6) |
| Hispanic black | 16 (0.4) | 285 (0.6) |
| Hispanic white | 1001 (22) | 8432 (19) |
| Hispanic other | 18 (0.4) | 166 (0.4) |
| BMI, kg/m2; missing in 959 | 28±8 | 30±9 |
| Median [IQR] | 26.7 [23.1–31.9] | 28.4 [24.0–34.8] |
| Underweight | 194 (4) | 1550 (3) |
| Normal | 1528 (34) | 12,233 (27) |
| Overweight | 1285 (28) | 11,797 (26) |
| Obese | 1137 (25) | 13,214 (29) |
| Severely obese | 338 (7) | 5826 (13) |
| Dialysis vintage, yr | 5.1±3.4 | 6.0±3.7 |
| Median [IQR] | 4.4 [2.5–7.0] | 5.2 [3.4–7.9] |
| Census division | ||
| New England | 138 (3) | 1288 (3) |
| Middle Atlantic | 479 (11) | 5371 (12) |
| East North Central | 578 (13) | 6117 (13) |
| West North Central | 239 (5) | 1937 (4) |
| South Atlantic | 958 (21) | 10,912 (24) |
| East South Central | 350 (8) | 3810 (8) |
| West South Central | 765 (17) | 7609 (17) |
| Mountain | 250 (6) | 1634 (4) |
| Pacific | 794 (18) | 6732 (15) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Hypertension | 4477 (98) | 44,381 (98) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3518 (77) | 30,334 (67) |
| Coronary artery disease | 2712 (60) | 20,975 (46) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1920 (42) | 14,315 (31) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1246 (27) | 8964 (20) |
| Heart failure | 2974 (65) | 24,579 (54) |
| Arrhythmia | 1437 (32) | 10,124 (22) |
| Osteoporosis | 30 (0.7) | 136 (0.3) |
| Rheumatological disorder | 176 (4) | 1843 (4) |
| Tobacco use | 697 (15) | 7584 (17) |
| Depression | 1149 (25) | 8109 (18) |
| History of steroid use | 1379 (30) | 13,185 (29) |
| History of bisphosphonate use | 193 (4) | 825 (2) |
| Primary cause of ESKD; missing in 4 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 2569 (57) | 21,613 (48) |
| GN/vasculitis | 248 (6) | 4697 (10) |
| Interstitial/pyelonephritis | 125 (3) | 1226 (3) |
| Hypertensive/large vessel disease | 1230 (27) | 13,643 (30) |
| Cystic/hereditary/congenital | 77 (2) | 1168 (3) |
| Neoplasm/tumor | 42 (0.9) | 316 (0.7) |
| Miscellaneous | 260 (6) | 2843 (6) |
IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index.