Table 2.

Overall associations reported between any antibiotic exposure in early life and measures of child body mass

Study	Exposure definition and age window	Outcome and age of measurement	Overall association estimate (95% CI)
Ajslev et al. [22]	Any antibiotic at <6 months	aOR for overweight at 7 years	1.04 (0.79–1.37)
Azad et al. [23]	Any antibiotic at <12 months	aOR for overweight at 9 years	1.74 (1.04–2.94)*
		aOR for overweight at 12 years	2.56 (1.36–4.79)*
Rogawski et al. [27]	Any antibiotic at <6 months	Adjusted difference (β) in weight-for- length z-score at 6 months to 3 years	−0.10 (−0.23 to 0.02)
Gerber et al. [29]	Any antibiotic at <6 months	Adjusted difference in rate of weight gain (%) between 2 and 5 years	0.7 (−0.1 to 1.5)
Li et al. [32]	Any antibiotic at <12 months among children with infection	aOR for obesity at 2–18 years	1.01 (0.98–1.04)
Rogawski et al. [28]	7-day increase in antibiotic exposure duration at <6 months	Adjusted difference (β) in WAZ at 6 months to 2 years	0.03 (0.00–0.05)

zBMI, body mass index-for-age z-score; WAZ, weight-for-age z-score; aOR, adjusted odds ratio.

*p < 0.05.

See Table 1 and online Supplementary Table S3 for adjustments relating to analyses in each study.

Measures of association are relative to unexposed group unless stated otherwise. Blank cells indicate that no overall association estimate was reported.