Table 3.

Hazard ratios (95% CI) for type 2 diabetes by 1-year changes in tryptophan metabolites.^a

	180 cases 546 subcohortb
	Quartiles of 1-year changes in metabolites
	Quartile 1	Quartile 2	Quartile 3	Quartile 4	P trendc	HR per SD	Pc
Model 1
Tryptophan	1.00 (ref)	1.24 (0.68–2.28)	0.83 (0.43–1.60)	0.94 (0.48–1.83)	0.85	0.97(0.74–1.26)	0.96
Kynurenine	1.00 (ref)	0.95 (0.52–1.74)	0.65 (0.33–1.25)	1.03 (0.58–1.86)	0.85	1.03 (0.83–1.29)	0.96
Kynurenic acid	1.00 (ref)	0.80 (0.44–1.46)	0.48 (0.25–0.93)	0.57(0.32–1.03)	0.12	0.81 (0.64–1.03)	0.24
Quinolinic acid	1.00 (ref)	1.68 (0.87–3.23)	2.17(1.13–4.16)	1.74 (0.94–3.24)	0.18	1.26(1.02–1.55)	0.18
3−HAA	1.00 (ref)	0.85 (0.48–1.50)	0.88 (0.51–1.52)	1.05 (0.60–1.85)	0.85	1.03 (0.84–1.26)	0.96
Kyn/Trp ratio	1.00 (ref)	1.05 (0.56–1.95)	0.82 (0.43–1.56)	1.00 (0.55–1.81)	0.85	1.00 (0.80–1.25)	0.99
Model 2
Tryptophan	1.00 (ref)	1.03 (0.51–2.09)	0.95 (0.44–2.02)	0.64 (0.28–1.44)	0.56	0.92 (0.66–1.26)	0.88
Kynurenine	1.00 (ref)	0.79 (0.38–1.63)	0.57(0.26–1.24)	0.89 (0.44–1.81)	0.73	1.05 (0.79–1.39)	0.88
Kynurenic acid	1.00 (ref)	1.15(0.59–2.24)	0.57(0.25–1.31)	0.67(0.35–1.29)	0.27	0.85 (0.66–1.10)	0.63
Quinolinic acid	1.00 (ref)	2.47(1.06–5.78)	2.85(1.27–6.40)	2.33(1.09–4.96)	0.18	1.39(1.09–1.77)	0.047
3−HAA	1.00 (ref)	0.87(0.45–1.65)	0.91 (0.48–1.72)	0.97(0.47–2.01)	0.97	1.02 (0.79–1.33)	0.88
Kyn/Trp ratio	1.00 (ref)	0.94 (0.46–1.95)	0.66 (0.31–1.41)	0.92 (0.45–1.88)	0.73	0.97(0.73–1.29)	0.88

^aAll models stratified by recruitment center. Model 1 adjusted for respective baseline metabolite values (continuous), age (years), sex (male, female), intervention group (control, MedDiet + EVOO, MedDiet + nuts), body mass index (kg/m²), smoking (never, current, former), leisure-time physical activity (metabolic equivalenttasks in minutes/day), dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Model 2 additionally adjusts for baseline glucose and baselineglucose χ baseline glucose.

^bForty-one cases were also in the subcohort.

^cAdjusted with the False Discovery Rate method.