. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2017 Jun 19;93(1):350–363. doi: 10.1111/brv.12345

Table 2.

Osteoblast chemorepellents.

Class	Factor	Source¹	Cell types	Surface (assay)	Comments	References
CK	IL-1β	rh	hOB	PC (Boyden)	Inhibits IGF-1-, PDGF-BB-, VEGF-A-, and Ca5-induced migration; ERK1/2 and JNK signalling; no effect on hMSC	Hengartner et al. (2013)
CK	LIF	n.a	mOB	PC (Boyden)	Inhibits TGF-β1-induced migration; purified LIF was not studied	Ota et al. (2013)
Other	Sema3e	rm	mOB	TC-plastic (scratch)	Inhibits serum-induced migration	Hughes et al. (2012)

Source of factor studied in assay.

Abbreviations: Ca5, complement component 5a; CK, cytokine; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; hMSC, human mesenchymal stem cells; hOB, human osteoblast; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; LIF, leukaemia inhibitory factor; mOB, mouse osteoblast; n.a., not applicable; PC, polycarbonate; PGDF-BB, platelet-derived growth factor-BB; rh, recombinant human; rm, recombinant mouse; Sema3e, semaphorin-3e; TC, tissue culture-treated; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1; VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor-A.