Table 3.
Longitudinal associations of serum cystatin C and impaired kidney function with incident geriatric depressive symptoms (n = 669)
| Serum cystatin C or impaired kidney function | N/n | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a | Model 2a | Model 3a | ||
| Cystatin C, mg/L | ||||
| ≤ 1.00 | 388/78 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1.01–1.25 | 175/40 | 1.11 (0.75–1.65) | 1.22 (0.82–1.81) | 1.21 (0.81–1.80) |
| > 1.25 | 106/39 | 2.20 (1.48–3.27) | 2.23 (1.48–3.34) | 2.16 (1.43–3.27) |
| p for linear trend | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
| Impaired kidney function | ||||
| No | 544/122 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 125/35 | 1.57 (1.06–2.32) | 1.57 (1.05–2.34) | 1.54 (1.03–2.30) |
N/n indicates number of subjects/number of persons with depressive symptoms
Abbreviations: MMSE mini-mental state examination, ADL activities of daily living
aModel 1 was adjusted for age, sex, and education; model 2 was additionally adjusted for alcohol consumption, hypertension, stroke, heart disease, cataract, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, nephritis, and arthritis; and in model 3, MMSE score and ADL-disability were added to model 2