Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of study subjects
| Variables | Normal Controls (n = 50) | HCM (n = 30) | HFpEF (n = 30) | HFmrEF (n = 30) | HFrEF (n = 40) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 56 ± 13 | 55 ± 14 | 62 ± 11 | 57 ± 10 | 56 ± 10 |
| Gender, Male/Female | 34/16 | 15/15 | 23/7 | 20/10 | 29/11 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.3 |
| DBP, mmHg | 78 ± 10 | 76 ± 10 | 81 ± 24 | 76 ± 12 | 73 ± 14 |
| SBP, mmHg | 135 ± 18 | 137 ± 18 | 142 ± 26 | 134 ± 22 | 122 ± 19*#$ |
| NYHA class | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.5*# | 1.8 ± 0.7*# | 2.1 ± 0.9*#$ |
| NT-pro-BNP, pg/mLa | – | – | 229 (113, 608) | 479 (304, 781)$ | 2079 (807, 4930)$^ |
| Presence of MR (%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (23%)* | 6 (20%)* | 15 (50%)* | 24 (60%)*#$ |
| Medications (%) | |||||
| Diuretics | 0 (0%) | 6 (20%)* | 21 (70%)*# | 23 (77%)*# | 39 (98%)*# |
| ACE inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker | 0 (0%) | 14 (47%)* | 24 (80%)*# | 22 (73%)*# | 29 (73%)*# |
| β-Blocker | 0 (0%) | 24 (80%)* | 23 (77%)* | 20 (67%)* | 36 (90%)* |
| Aspirin | 0 (0%) | 11 (37%)* | 17 (57%)* | 15 (50%)* | 20 (50%)*# |
| LV EDV index, ml/m2 | 70 ± 11 | 76 ± 26 | 78 ± 16 | 87 ± 19* | 138 ± 35*#$^ |
| LV ESV index, ml/m2 | 26 ± 6 | 23 ± 16 | 34 ± 8* | 50 ± 11*#$ | 105 ± 35*#$^ |
| LV SV index, ml/m2 | 45 ± 8 | 53 ± 15* | 44 ± 9# | 38 ± 9# | 33 ± 11*#$ |
| LV EF, % | 64 ± 6 | 72 ± 12* | 56 ± 4*# | 44 ± 3*#$ | 26 ± 8*#$^ |
| LV Mass index, g/m2 | 48 ± 10 | 91 ± 23* | 85 ± 39* | 63 ± 19*# | 82 ± 21* |
| LA volume index | |||||
| Max, ml/m2 | 36 ± 8 | 43 ± 11* | 41 ± 12* | 44 ± 20* | 55 ± 16*#$^ |
| Diastasis, ml/m2 | 26 ± 5 | 33 ± 9* | 34 ± 11* | 37 ± 18* | 47 ± 15*#$^ |
| Min, ml/m2 | 15 ± 4 | 22 ± 6* | 22 ± 8* | 28 ± 19* | 40 ± 16*#$^ |
| LA EF | |||||
| Total, % | 59 ± 5 | 51 ± 7* | 48 ± 7* | 40 ± 13*#$ | 29 ± 13*#$^ |
| Passive, % | 27 ± 7 | 24 ± 7 | 19 ± 7* | 19 ± 7* | 14 ± 6*#$^ |
| Active, % | 43 ± 8 | 36 ± 7* | 36 ± 8* | 26 ± 11*#$ | 17 ± 11*#$^ |
Data are represented as mean ± SD (or amedian (interquartile range)). BSA body surface area, DBP diastolic blood pressure, SBP systolic blood pressure, NYHA New York Heart Association, MR mitral regurgitation, LV left ventricular, EDV end-diastolic volume, ESV end-systolic volume, SV stroke volume, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LA left atrial, LAEF left atrial emptying fraction, HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, HFpEF heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFmrEF heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction, HFrEF heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, *significant difference compared to controls, #significant difference compared to HCM, $significant difference compared to HFpEF, ^significant difference compared to HFmrEF. aNT-pro-BNP results were not available for controls and HCM; NT-pro-BNP results were available in 20 HFpEF and 20 HFmrEF patients