Table 2.
Crude and pathogen-adjusted multivariate analysis of the association of Shigella spp. with moderate-to-severe diarrhea among children under 5 years (December 2007–November 2012)
| Variables | Group
|
Crude analysis
|
Adjusted analysis
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls, n (%) | Cases, n (%) | OR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|
| ||||||
| 0–11 months | ||||||
| Shigella spp. | 1/1047 (0) | 6/495 (1) | 22.01 (2.44–2912.20) | 0.0028 | 42 (93.96–5717.57) | 0.0008 |
| Cryptosporidium | 96/1046 (9) | 98/495 (20) | 2.89 (2.07–4.06) | <0.0001 | 3.71 (2.54–5.50) | <0.0001 |
| Giardia | 177/1046 (17) | 45/495 (9) | 0.48 (0.33–0.68) | <0.0001 | 0.47 (0.31–0.69) | 0.0001 |
| Rotavirus | 160/1046 (15) | 217/495 (44) | 5.91 (4.42–8.01) | <0.0001 | 6.37 (4.69–8.79) | <0.0001 |
| Adenovírus (40/41) | 9/1044 (1) | 12/493 (2) | 3.05 (1.25–7.75) | 0.0144 | 4.43 (1.62–12.57) | 0.0038 |
| Nontyphoidal Salmonella | 6/1047 (1) | 6/495 (1) | 2.53 (0.81–7.85) | 0.108 | ||
| Campylobacter | 52/1047 (5) | 30/495 (6) | 1.45 (0.88–2.38) | 0.1456 | ||
| Sapovírus | 29/1047 (3) | 9/495 (2) | 0.61 (0.26–1.28) | 0.1967 | ||
| Enteroaggregative E. coli (aaic only) | 59/1047 (6) | 40/495 (8) | 1.38 (0.89–2.12) | 0.1527 | ||
| 12–23 months | ||||||
| Shigella spp. | 2/629 (0) | 21/276 (8) | 20.75 (6.61–103.57) | <0.0001 | 20.6 (6.30–105.59) | <0.0001 |
| Cryptosporidium | 60/628 (10) | 51/275 (19) | 2.63 (1.70–4.08) | <0.0001 | 2.61 (1.62–4.23) | <0.0001 |
| Giardia | 278/628 (44) | 74/275 (27) | 0.44 (0.32–0.61) | <0.0001 | 045 (0.32–0.63) | <0.0001 |
| Rotavirus | 102/628 (16) | 62/275 (23) | 1.87 (1.28–2.75) | 0.0014 | 2.07 (1.36–3.16) | 0.0007 |
| EAEC (aatA only) | 30/629 (5) | 30/276 (11) | 2.14 (1.22–3.80) | 0.0079 | 2.12 (1.15–3.96) | 0.0168 |
| Aeromonas spp. | 2/629 (0) | 3/276 (1) | 4.20 (0.82–25.21) | 0.0837 | ||
| Vibrio cholerae 01 | 1/629 (0) | 4/276 (1) | 3.97 (0.69–41.39) | 0.1255 | ||
| Nontyphoidal Salmonella | 0/629 (0) | 2/276 (1) | 15.00 (1.22–2068.84) | 0.0336 | ||
| Adenovírus (40/41) | 12/628 (2) | 4/272 (1) | 1.08 (0.33–2.97) | 0.1416 | ||
| 24–59 months | ||||||
| Shigella spp. | 1/303 (0) | 29/145 (20) | 126.56 (17.67–16063.77) | <0.0001 | 191 (23.80–24565.84) | <0.0001 |
| Giardia | 155/303 (51) | 50/145 (34) | 0.51 (0.32–0.78) | 0.0022 | 0.43 (0.25–0.72) | 0.001 |
| EAEC (aatA/aaic) | 10/303 (3) | 1/145 (1) | 0.25 (0.03–1.13) | 0.0743 | 0.07 (0.00–0.81) | 0.0284 |
| V. cholerae | 0/303 (0) | 9/145 (6) | 23.41 (2.87–3044.31) | 0.0008 | 19.6 (2.48–2523.83) | 0.0015 |
| Cryptosporidium | 22/303 (7) | 11/145 (8) | 1.35 (0.60–2.94) | 0.4577 | ||
| Norovírus | 15/303 (5) | 5/145 (3) | 0.46 (0.16–1.18) | 0.1091 | ||
| Adenovírus (non-40/41) | 8/303 (3) | 0/145 (0) | 0.11 (0.00–1.01) | 0.0519 | ||