Table 1.
Patient characteristics and echocardiographic data for 93 patients with COPD divided into three groups by mPAP at rest and ΔmPAP/ΔCO slope
| Variable | mPAPrest <25 mmHg
|
mPAPrest ≥25 mmHg | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔmPAP/ΔCO slope ≤3 mmHg/L/min | ΔmPAP/ΔCO slope >3 mmHg/L/min | |||
|
n=29 |
n=42 |
n=22 |
||
| Gender, female % | 31 | 62* | 59 | 0.03 |
| Age, years¤ | 62 (5) | 66 (6)* | 61 (8)# | 0.03 |
| Height, cm¤ | 173 (8) | 167 (9)* | 169 (11) | 0.02 |
| BMI kg/m2 | 27 (4) | 23 (4)* | 25 (6) | 0.004 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.7 (1.4) | 14.3 (1.0) | 14.3 (1.1) | 0.38 |
| FEV1 % pred. | 51 (15) | 45 (17) | 29 (9)*,# | <0.001 |
| FVC % pred. | 79 (20) | 75 (21) | 59 (16)*,# | 0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC % | 53 (9) | 48 (11) | 41 (11)* | 0.001 |
| TLC % pred. | 114 (14) | 129 (21) | 136 (26)* | 0.001 |
| RV % pred.¤ | 171 (41) | 209 (65)* | 253 (57)*,# | <0.001 |
| RV/TLC %¤ | 54 (11) | 62 (10)* | 69 (9)*,# | <0.001 |
| DLCO % pred. | 63 (16) | 52 (20)* | 30 (14)*,# | <0.001 |
| LV EF, % | 58 (3) | 57 (5) | 58 (4) | 0.63 |
| LV E/A ratio (no unit) | 1.08 (0.26) | 1.05 (0.29) | 1.06 (0.27) | 0.89 |
| LV E/E’ ratio (no unit) | 9.0 (2.2) | 8.6 (2.2) | 10.1 (2.0)# | 0.03 |
| LA volume, mL/m2 | 24 (5) | 23 (5) | 21 (6) | 0.09 |
| TAPSE, mm | 22.9 (2.7) | 21.3 (2.9) | 18.8 (3.8)*,# | <0.001 |
| RV FAC, % | 0.38 (0.08) | 0.39 (0.07) | 0.33 (0.08)# | 0.02 |
Notes: ANOVA was performed for variables with normal distribution, otherwise ¤non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test was performed. Values are presented as mean (standard deviation) or %. For TLC and RV, n=90. For DLCO, n=83.
p<0.05, significantly different from mPAPrest <25 mmHg and ΔmPAP/ΔCO slope ≤3 mmHg/L/min.
p<0.05, significantly different from mPAPrest <25 mmHg and ΔmPAP/ΔCO slope >3 mmHg/L/min.
Abbreviations: mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure; CO, cardiac output; BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; pred., predicted; FVC, forced vital capacity; TLC, total lung capacity; RV, residual volume; DLCO, diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; LV, left ventricular; EF, ejection fraction; E, transmitral early diastolic velocity; A, late diastolic velocity; E’, septal mitral annular early diastolic tissue velocity; LA, left atrial; TAPSE, tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion; RV, right ventricular; FAC, fractional area change.