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. 2018 Nov 1;11:2709–2719. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S166274

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© 2018 Cheng et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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CAPE inhibited CCI-induced upregulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord.

Notes: (A) CAPE inhibited the CCI-induced upregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the spinal cord. (B) CAPE inhibited the CCI-induced upregulation of TNF-α in the spinal cord. (C) CAPE suppressed the CCI-induced upregulation of IL-1β in the spinal cord. (D) CAPE inhibited the CCI-induced upregulation of IL-6 in the spinal cord. The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were determined using real-time quantitative PCR. GAPDH was used as an invariant control. n=4. Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference at **P<0.01 vs sham; ^##P<0.01 vs CCI.

Abbreviations: CAPE, caffeic acid phenethyl ester; CCI, chronic constrictive injury; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.