Figure 3. . Macrophage drug retention.

This was determined after MDMs were treated with nanoATV for 16 h with the panel of autophagy inducers for 14 days. After each scheduled time point, cells were harvested and pelleted. The intracellular drug concentrations were analyzed by HPLC on days 3, 7, 10 and 14 (A–D). Comparisons between the control and each of the autophagy inducers was performed by Tukey's multiple comparison ANOVA test. Data are represented as mean ± SD for n = 6 samples per group. *p < 0.0001, **p < 0.001 and ***p < 0.01.

ATV: Atazanavir; MDM: Monocyte-derived macrophage; SD: Standard deviation.