Figure 8.

Actions of PIP 640 on Caco-2 cell monolayers are distinct from those of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α/INFγ. or trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and occludin protein levels. A) Caco-2 monolayer TEER value changes after 60 min of apical exposure to 1 mM of PIP 640 or after 4h of basal exposure to TNF-α (5 ng/mL)/ INF-γ (10 ng/mL). Data represent means ± SEM of 3 independent experiments, with n=9 (**p value< 0.01 and ***p value< 0.001). B) Representative immunoblots demonstrating MLC-pS¹⁹ and occludin level changes induced by PIP 640 or TNF-α/INF-γ treatments described in A). Data are representative of 4 independent experiments, n=4. (**p value< 0.01 and ****p value<0.0001). C) Paracellular permeability changes of polarized Caco-2 monolayers in vitro after 4 h of basal treatment with TNF-α (5 ng/mL)/ INF-γ (10 ng/mL) or 1 h of apical treatment of 1 mM PIP 640. The extent of fluorescent dextran (4-kDa, 10-kDa and 70-kDa) apical to basal transport was determined after 60 min. Data are means ± SEM of 3 independent experiments, with n=9 (**p value< 0.01 and ****p value<0.0001).