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. 2018 Nov 6;8:16423. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34763-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species production in NHA stimulated by IL-1β is reduced by treatment with Palm Fruit Bioactives, as measured by DCFDA Assay after 24 h. No change is observed between ROS production between untreated NHA and the highest concentration of PFB treatment used, while increased ROS production from stimulation is decreased by PFB. Fluorescence intensity correlates with level of oxidative stress per condition in the DCDFA Assay. Values given as mean fluorescence intensity +/− standard deviation of three replicates. Student’s t-test, ^###p < 0.001, untreated control vs. IL-1β; ***p < 0.001, IL-1β vs. PFB-X + IL-1β, where X is treatment concentration of PFB.