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. 2018 Nov 6;8:16392. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34304-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Visualization of the transmembrane potential of one of the simulations performed during Monte Carlo analysis using the ventricular wedge containing a large scar. This is one of the observed sustained reentries with ϕ = 0.66 and [ATP_i] = 2 mM. (a) A single stimulus is applied at the upper-right region of the wedge. (b) The AP wave propagates towards the left of the LV wedge. Inside the infarct region we observe some electrical activity due to a fractionated propagation that occurs in the maze formed by non-conducting fibrosis and conducting myocytes. (c) The LV wedge is fully depolarized. Micro-reentries lead to the formation of a fractionated spiral wave inside the infarct region. (d) The LV wedge begins to repolarize. An AP wave begins to leave the infarct region at its right side. (e) An ectopic beat is generated at the right side of the infarct region and propagates towards the healthy tissue. Another ectopic beat leaves the infarct region on the top and enters the peri-infarct zone region. (f) The LV wedge begins to depolarize again. Inside the infarct region, micro-reentries persist. (g) Another AP wave begins to leave the infarct region at the right side of the infarct region. (h) A second ectopic beat is generated at the right side of the infarct region and propagates towards the healthy tissue. (i) A complex pattern of AP waves is formed via the interaction between micro-reentries inside the infarct region and AP propagation in the healthy tissue.