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. 2018 Nov 6;8:16427. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34500-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of Arabidopsis growth with Trichoderma strains at 5 dpi. (A) Representative photographs of 13 day-old Arabidopsis (Col-0) plantlets grown on PDA or MS media after 5 dpi with T. atroviride (Ta) and T. virens (Tv). Trichoderma species were inoculated as follows: direct interaction (At-MS), split interaction without contact when the fungus was grown on MS medium (At/MS), split interaction without contact when the fungus was grown on PDA medium (At/PDA), and as control plantlets grown on MS without any inoculation. The scale bar corresponds to 2 cm. Physiological parameters were examined: (B) fresh weight (mg) (n = 15), (C) primary root length (n = 15), and (D) number of lateral roots per plant (n = 15). Barplots present mean ± SD values of dependent variables according to our experimental treatments. Letters refer to bootstrap pairwise two-sample robust tests; treatments without shared letters are significantly different.