Table 3.
TDF domains coded for asthma supported self-management educational initiatives
| Study, country, risk of bias | Cabana 20061 USA Unclear |
Clark 19981 USA Unclear |
Griffiths 20161 UK Unclear |
Shah 2011a Australia Unclear |
Cohen 2014 Israel High |
Evans 1997 USA Unclear |
Sheikh 2016 USA Unclear |
Bruzzese 2006a USA Unclear |
Cleland 2007 UK Unclear |
Homer 2005 USA High |
Prabhakaran 2012 Singapore Unclear |
Smeele 1999 Netherlands Unclear |
Toelle 1993 Australia High |
Tomson 1997 Sweden High |
Volovitz 2003 Israel High |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I1 | I2 | I3 | I4 | I1 | I2 | I3 | I1 | I2 | ||||||||||||||
| Evidence of effectiveness? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
| Implementation outcomes | NR | Action plan | NR | Action plan | NR | Action plan; Patient education |
Action plan; Patient education | NR | NR | Action plan | Knowledge | Patient education | NR | Action plan | NR | |||||||
| Health outcomes | Urgent office visit; ED visit; Hospital-isation |
ED visit; Hospital-isation | Unscheduled care; Time to first unscheduled care; QoL |
Hospital-isation | Asthma control | Control medication | Acute care visit | Urgent physician visit; ED visit; Hospital-isation |
Steroid courses; QoL; Asthma control | ED visit; Hospital-isation; Asthma attacks | NR | Exacerbation | Unscheduled doctor/ED visit; Symptoms limiting activity | Control medication | Shortness of breath | |||||||
| Knowledge | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 21 |
| Skills | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 16 | |||||
| Environmental context and resources | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 10 | |||||||||||
| Belief about consequences | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 7 | ||||||||||||||
| Behavioural regulation | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 9 | ||||||||||||
| Reinforcement | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Social influences | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 10 | |||||||||||
| Belief about capabilities | ✓ | ✓ | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Social/professional role and identity | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
| Goals | ✓ | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Memory, attention, and decision processes | ✓ | ✓ | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL | 7 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 86 |
BOLD are significant results in favour of the intervention
Domains not coded: Optimism; Intentions; Emotion
TDF: Theoretical Domains Framework; I, intervention; N, no; Y, yes
aStudy evaluated the Physician Asthma Care Education (PACE) programme