. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 5;33(8):1114–1120. doi: 10.1002/gps.4900

Table 3.

Longitudinal association between diabetes treatment and cognitive test performance by treatment group

	Memory (N=444)		Attention (N=434)		Language (N=437)		Visuospatial (N=436)		Global (N=430)
	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p
Diet/exercise	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Metformin
Metformin	0.16 (−0.05, 0.37)	0.130	−0.04 (−0.24, 0.16)	0.676	−0.06 (−0.27, 0.15)	0.586	−0.11 (−0.32, 0.10)	0.319	0.009 (−0.19, 0.20)	0.926
Metformin*Time	0.01 (−0.03, 0.05)	0.525	0.01 (−0.02, 0.05)	0.523	0.01 (−0.02, 0.05)	0.488	0.02 (−0.007, 0.05)	0.144	0.02 (−0.02, 0.05)	0.315
Other oral
Other oral	0.13 (−0.08, 0.34)	0.219	0.01 (−0.19, 0.21)	0.920	−0.06 (−0.27, 0.15)	0.586	−0.05 (−0.26, 0.17)	0.666	0.01 (−0.18, 0.21)	0.893
Other oral*Time	−0.008 (−0.05, 0.03)	0.683	−0.002 (−0.04, 0.03)	0.915	0.01 (−0.02, 0.05)	0.489	0.01 (−0.02, 0.04)	0.436	0.01 (−0.02, 0.04)	0.544
Insulin
Insulin	0.10 (−0.05, 0.009)	0.673	0.07 (−0.42, 0.57)	0.770	−0.10 (−0.60, 0.39)	0.690	0.03 (−0.48, 0.55)	0.897	0.17 (−0.32, 0.66)	0.502
Insulin*Time	−0.16 (−0.25, −0.07)	<0.001	−0.11 (−0.20, −0.02)	0.016	−0.06 (−0.14, 0.02)	0.141	−0.07 (−0.13, 0.0002)	0.051	−0.13 (−0.21, −0.05)	0.002

Model adjusted for age, sex, education, BMI, APOE ε4, CCI, number of medications, T2D duration, age of T2D diagnosis, T2D complications, and propensity score.