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. 2018 Nov 5;215(11):2936–2954. doi: 10.1084/jem.20181210

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

IL-11 expressed by Gp38+ stromal cells in an IL-23–dependent manner is involved in Lm-associated epithelial proliferation. (A) Il11 mRNA quantification by qRT-PCR from intestinal tissue of Il23+/+ and Il23−/− mice 48 h pi. Data are pooled of two independent experiments. Five Il23+/+ mice; four Il23−/− mice. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Student’s t test. (B) Quantification of epithelial proliferation in littermate Il11ra1+/− and Il11ra1−/− mice injected or not with a blocking αIL-22 antibody 4 d after oral inoculation. Each dot corresponds to one quantified villus, except the red dots, which correspond to the mean of each mouse. At least 5 fields/10 villi per mouse. n = 3–8 mice/condition. Data are pooled of three independent experiments. A one-way ANOVA test followed by a Sidak’s multiple comparisons was performed on the mean of each mouse. (C) Il11 mRNA quantification by qRT-PCR from sorted LP populations, as indicated, 48 h pi. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Three animals per group. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Student’s t test. (D) IL-11 protein quantification by an ELISA assay from sorted CD45− gp38+ stromal cells stimulated in vitro with the indicated cytokines. Data are pooled of three independent experiments. Six culture wells per condition. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Mann-Whitney test. (E) Quantification of epithelial proliferation in Il23−/− littermate mice complemented with rmIL-22, rmIL-17, and rmIL-11 4 d after oral inoculation. Each dot corresponds to one quantified villus except the red dots, which correspond to the mean of each mouse. n = 4–7 mice/condition. Data are pooled of three independent experiments. A one-way ANOVA test followed by a Sidak’s multiple comparisons was performed on the mean of each mouse. (F) Quantification of WGA+ GCs/villous in Il23−/− mice complemented with recombinant IL-11 and IL-22, infected by 5 × 109 Lm 4 d pi and noninfected control. n = 10–30 villi. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Mann-Whitney test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.