Table 2. Logistic Regression Results of the Association Between Gestational Diabetes Status and Physical Activity and Cigarette Smoking in a Sample of Women Aged 20–44 (n = 3,034), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2014 .

Variables	Physical Activity		Currently Smoking
	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P Value
Gestational diabetes	1.08 (0.67−1.74)	.74	0.79 (0.52–1.19)	.25
Year
2007–2008	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
2009–2010	0.92 (0.61–1.37)	.66	0.84 (0.61–1.15)	.28
2011–2012	0.82 (0.52–1.28)	.38	0.84 (0.65–1.08)	.18
2013–2014	1.12 (0.69–1.83)	.64	0.59 (0.44–0.78)	<.001
Age	1.00 (0.98–1.03)	.70	0.99 (0.91–1.01)	.56
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Non-Hispanic black	1.34 (0.88–2.02)	.16	0.54 (0.40–0.73)	<.001
Mexican American	1.15 (0.73–1.80)	.54	0.08 (0.05–0.13)	<.001
Othera	1.00 (0.67–1.51)	.99	0.35 (0.24–0.50)	<.001
Education level
<High school graduate	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
High school graduate	0.94 (0.59–1.48)	.78	0.82 (0.60–1.12)	.20
≥Some college	1.10 (0.80 - 1.51)	.54	0.33 (0.25–0.45)	<.01
Ratio of family income to federal poverty level
<100%	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
100%–199%	0.83 (0.54–1.27)	.39	0.66 (0.50–0.89)	<.001
≥200%	1.04 (0.69–1.56)	.85	0.26 (0.18–0.38)	.006
BMI category
Not overweight or obese (<25 kg/m2)	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Overweight (25–30 kg/m2)	0.76 (0.52–1.12)	.17	0.90 (0.65–1.24)	.50
Obese (30 kg/m2)	0.63 (0.43–0.92)	.02	0.71 (0.52–0.98)	.04
Health status
Good, very good, or excellent	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Fair or poor	0.59 (0.38–0.93)	.02	1.94 (1.42–2.66)	<.001
No. of live births delivered	1.02 (0.88–1.18)	.84	0.97 (0.88–1.07)	.58

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; OR, odds ratio.

^a Other Hispanic people and other racial groups.